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Psych1000 > LCT15: Psychological Treatment > Flashcards

LCT15: Psychological Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

The history of psychotherapy has been…

A

unsuccessful and often horrifying

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2
Q

Psychotherapy

A

the generic name given to formal psychological treatment

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3
Q

Biological Therapies

A

treatment based on medical approaches to illness and disease

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4
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

the study and use of medications that affect brain or body functions

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5
Q

How many psychological therapies are currently available?

A

over 400

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6
Q

What is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?

A

to increase insight, or awareness of psychological processes that affect functioning

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7
Q

Who developed psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

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8
Q

What did Sigmund Freud believe about psychodynamic therapy?

A

believed unconscious feelings and drives gave rise to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors

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9
Q

What techniques were used i psychoanalysis?

A

free association, dream analysis, and interpretations from the analyst

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10
Q

What modified techniques are being used by psychodynamic therapies?

A

briefer, less intense, more flexible
- key elements: insight, transference
identifying recurrent, problematic patterns

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11
Q

Humanistic Therapy

A

emphasizes clients own subjective (personal) experience, free will, belief systems, and personal growth

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12
Q

What is the goal of humanistic therapy?

A

to treat the person as a whole

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13
Q

Client-Centered Therapy

A 
aka: "person-centered" or "nondirective"
Key Elements:
- creating a safe and comforting setting
- empathy
- unconditional positive regard
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14
Q

Reflective Listening (or speech)

A

repeating clients’ statements and seeking clarification

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15
Q

Psychologist behind client-centered therapy?

A

Carl Rogers

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16
Q

Behavioral Therapy

A

uses principles of learning and conditioning to change behavior

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17
Q

Exposure

A

repeatedly facing feared stimulus

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18
Q

Systematic Desensitization

A

teaches relaxation during increasingly anxiety-producing situations

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19
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

tries to teach people to think in more adaptive ways

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20
Q

Cognitive Restructuring

A

changing maladaptive thought patterns to more realistic ways of thinking

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21
Q

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

A

combines techniques from both cognitive and behavioral therapies to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors

  • short-term and focused on concrete problems
  • usually business-like or didactic (like a teacher-student relationship)
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22
Q

Group Therapy

A

simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group setting

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23
Q

What does group therapy do?

A
  • builds social support
  • less expensive than individual therapy
  • offers the opportunity for practice of social skills and peer learning
  • addresses the importance of shared experiences
24
Q

Family Therapy

A

emphasizes the context of the problem

25
Q

Family Systems Perspective

A

that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit.

26
Q

Psychotropic Medications

A

drugs that affect mental processes

27
Q

The use of psychotropic medication is based on…

A

the biological or medical model, which views psychological problems as diseases that can be treated medically

28
Q

Most psychotropic medications fall into what three categories?

A

1) Anti-anxiety medications (tranquilizers)
2) Antidepressant medications (and mood stabilizers)
3) Antipsychotic medications

29
Q

Anti-anxiety medications

A

reduce anxiety and promote relaxation, but also induce drowsiness and highly addictive
- should be used sparingly

30
Q

Antidepressant medications

A

intended to regulate mood: for mood disorders and anxiety disorders

31
Q

Three main classes of antidepressants

A

1) MAOIs
2) Tricyclic Antidepressants
3) SSRIs

32
Q

MAOIs

A

class of antidepressants that work by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase in the brain, which is responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin - increased amounts of these neurotransmitters help to stabilize mood and reduce anxiety.

33
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

textbook

34
Q

SSRIs

A

textbook
- most common –> newest classes
ssRI = re-uptake inhibitors
(look at diagram in book)

35
Q

Controversies with Antidepressants

A
  • when SSRIs were introduced, the proportion of individuals using antidepressants doubled within 10 years, growing from 37% to 74%
  • SSRIs may increase suicidality, particularly among children and adolescents
  • for mild to moderate depression, medication may be no more effective than a placebo (now several very good studies)
36
Q

Antipsychotics

A
  • block the affects of dopamine
  • not always effective
  • significant side effects than can be irreversible (ex. tardive dyskinesia)
  • neuroleptics (older) and atypical antipsychotics (newer) - atypical have fewer side affects, but still serous
37
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face and jaw

38
Q

Alternative Biological Treatments

A

usually used as last resorts because they are more likely to have serious side affects than either psychotherapy or medication

39
Q

Four Alternative Biological Treatments

A

1) Psychosurgery
2) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
3) Deep Brain Stimulation
4) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) - see textbook

40
Q

Psychosurgery

A

the removal of parts of the brain (usually the frontal lobes) to treat psychological disorders - one of the earliest formal procedures used for severe mental illness

41
Q

Lobotomies

A

(not used today)
prefrontal lobotomies were used to treat severe mental disorders, including schizophrenia, major depression, and anxiety disorders

42
Q

What happened to patients who received prefrontal lobotomies?

A
  • the procedure often impaired many important mental functions, such as abstract thought, planning, motivation, and social interaction
43
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A

common in the 1950s and 1960s to treat mental disorders including schizophrenia and depression

  • occurs under anesthesia with powerful muscle relaxants
  • particularly effective for some cases of severe depression although there are some risks to its use
44
Q

Deep Brain Stimulation

A
  • newer technology that may be promising

- especially in relation to Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

45
Q

Psychotherapy - consumer reports

A

86% felt they were improved after psychotherapy

89% were satisfied with their experience

46
Q

Psychotherapy - Seligman (1996)

A

people rated their mental health practitioners as more effective for treating their mental health problems than family doctors

47
Q

Major problem with self-reports

A

bias - people are motivated to believe that their efforts were successful –> also regression to the mean (things just get better)

48
Q

To use psychotherapy you must have…

A

1) Randomized, controlled trials

2) Meta-analysos

49
Q

Randomized, controlled trials

A

research that randomly assigns patients to either treatment or control group

50
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

research that analyzes many studies on the same topic

51
Q

Debriefing

A

including encouraging people to describe their experiences following major ttrauma

52
Q

D.A.R.E.

A

having police officers run drug education programs

53
Q

Specific approach for - Anxiety Disorder

A

Cognitive-Behavioral treatment

54
Q

Specific approach for - Bipolar Disorder

A

Pharmacological treatment (lithium)

55
Q

Specific approach for - Schizophrenia

A

Pharmacological treatment with Psychosocial treatment

56
Q

Specific approach for - Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Psychotherapy

57
Q

For many psychological problems…

A

a combination of approaches, or integrative therapy, appears to work best

Psych1000 (21 decks)

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