Final Review - E1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dualism

A

The idea that mind and body are separate but intertwined – most psychologists reject it (Descartes) – objectification = seeing as an object, separate from ourselves – is the problem with dualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Monism

A

Mind = Brain, that mental and physical spheres are not separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychological Approaches

A
Biological
Behavioral (Watson, B.F. Skinner)
Cognitive (George Miller, Jean Piaget)
Psychodynamic (Sigmund Freud)
Humanistic (Carl Rogers)
Evolutionary (David Buss, Leda Cosmides)
Social (Floyd Allport, Stanley Milgram, Kurt Lewin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biological Approach

A

the study of the mind by looking at the brain –> how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts (ex. through electrical impulses in nerves or blood flow thru body) – dominant today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Operational Definition

A

Measurable definition of a construct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parts of Neuron

A

Cell body, dendrites, axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Myelin sheath

A

firing processes faster (protective coding) – made of glial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acetylcholine

A

muscle actions, learning, memory and first neurotransmitter found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GABA

A

chief inhibitory function of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dopamine

A

voluntary movement and reward anticipation - pleasure centers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Serotonin

A

regulation of sleep, mood, attention, learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Agonist

A

drug or substance that enhances or mimics action of neurotransmitter(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antagonist

A

drug or substance that blocks action of neurotransmitter(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EEG

A

(electrocardiogram) - records electrical activity in the brain
(pro: easiest method to administer; con: only gives rough estimate of brain activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MRI

A

(magnetic resonance imaging) - most powerful imaging technique, can produce very detailed pictures of the structures of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

PET

A

(position emission tomography) - changes in blood flow and metabolic activity shows what areas are active, focuses on active breakdown of glucose in the brain

17
Q

fMRI

A

(functional magnetic resonance imaging) - oxygen levels show what areas are active, brain uses more oxygen where it is more active

18
Q

TMS

A

(transcranial magnetic stimulation) - briefly disrupting brain activity, non-invasive way to look at brain

19
Q

Neuron charge

A

at resting potential – negative inside and positive outside

20
Q

Experiencing Reward

A

the nucleus accumbens of the basal ganglia are important for experiencing rewards

21
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

critical for planning and producing movement

22
Q

Action Potential

A

electrical charge that travels down an axon – Ions involved = sodium and potassium

23
Q

Psychological Science

A

the study of mind, brain, and behavior

24
Q

Directionality Problem

A

find correlation between two variables but can’t figure out what variable caused the other variable to change

25
Structuralism
idea that conscious experience can be broken down into its basic underlying components (Titchner) – used introspection to study subjective mental experiences
26
Functionalism
approach concerned with function of mind and behavior (James)
27
Gestalt Theory
idea that the whole of personal experience is different from simply the sum of its constituent elements
28
Plasticity
a property of the brain that allows it to change as a result of experience, drugs, or injury
29
Introspection
ppl to inspect and report on the content of their own thoughts (Wundt)
30
Hawthorne effect
(aka - Reactivity) the participant will answer or do things differently/better because they know they are being watched/observed (Rosenthal)
31
Hippocampus
memory: formation and recall of memories ("sea horse" shape)
32
Amygdala
arousal and regulation of emotion
33
Alcohol
an antagonist that disrupts cell membranes, which resukts in an increase in the binding of GABA (and other neurotransmitters)
34
“Spread”
Need measure of variability, usually use standard deviation to measure
35
Thalamus
way station or traffic officer, sensory relay – doesn’t receive or relay smell
36
Interpreter
the left hemisphere, because it is vital in constructing a world that makes sense (Gazzangia)
37
Limbic System
grouping of subcortical structures between higher and lower parts of the brain (includes: amygdala, hippocampus) - involved in emotional reactions and motivated behavior