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Psych1000 > Final Review - E3 > Flashcards

Final Review - E3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sense of Gustation

A

receptor cells are in the taste cells inside the taste buds

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2
Q

Little Albert Study

A

done by Watson on the clinical phenomenon of phobias

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3
Q

Gestalt Psychologists

A

first psychologists to emphasize the organizing process underlying perception

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4
Q

Similarity

A

naturally grouping objects that look alike

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5
Q

Proactive

A

old information interferes with learning new

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6
Q

Retroactive

A

new information interferes with remembering old

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7
Q

Bandura

A

observational learning

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8
Q

Processing Model

A

encoding – storage – retrieval

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9
Q

Theory of Mind

A

our ability to recognize that others have mental states that might explain their behavior

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10
Q

Antisocial Personality

A

Disorder characterized by lack of empathy and remorse – individuals have reduced psychophysiological response to aversive stimuli

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11
Q

Marriage and Health

A

married individuals are healthier than singles

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12
Q

Eysnck’s View

A

people who score low on the emotional stability scale tend to experience much mood variability

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13
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

unconscious mental strategies the mind uses to protect itself from distress, conflict, and desires

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14
Q

Stages of Moral Reason

A

Kohlberg – pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional

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15
Q

Myelination

A

increases the speed at which a neuron can transmit signals

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16
Q

Trait

A

a characteristic of an individual, describing a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling

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17
Q

Personality

A

distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes a person throughout life

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18
Q

Positive Schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, loosening of associations, disorganized behavior (neurotransmitter abnormalities)

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19
Q

Negative Schizophrenia

A

behavioral deficits (structural deficits in the brain)

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20
Q

Genetics

A

accounts for 40-60% of differences between individuals’ personality traits

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21
Q

Personality Stability

A

personality has a biological basis that can be measured in infancy and contributes to the overall stability of personality throughout the life span

22
Q

Theory of Development

A

important cognitive and social changes occur across the entire life span

23
Q

Attachment

A

it is the beginnings of social development, it helps an infant and child survive, is the basis of a human’s capacity for future relationships

24
Q

Zygote

A

first cell of new potential life; fertilized egg

25
Q

Embryo

A

the developing human organism, from 2 weeks to 2 months after conception

26
Q

Fetus

A

the developing human organism from 2 months after conception to birth

27
Q

Locus of Control

A

individuals differ in terms of their expectancies for reinforcement and how much they believe their own efforts will lead to good outcomes

28
Q

Id

A

a primitive and unconscious part of personality that contains basic drives and instincts - operates according to the Pleasure Principle (“I want it, and I want it NOW”)

29
Q

Superego

A

internalized rules of society and parents; moral ideas and conscience (“you should be ashamed of yourself”)

30
Q

Ego

A

the part of the personality that tries to satisfy the wishes of the Id while being responsive to the rules of the Superego (mediates between the two)

31
Q

Strange-Situation Test

A

allows psychologists to assess a child’s attachment to the primary caregiver (Ainswoth)

32
Q

Teratogens

A

include any chemical in the environment that negatively affects a developing embryo or fetus

33
Q

Temperamental Differences

A

thought to be primarily a function of underlying differences in biological processes

34
Q

Assimilation

A

new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas

35
Q

Accommodation

A

existing schemas are altered to include the new experiences

36
Q

Diathesis-Stress Model

A

disorders caused by an interaction between vulnerability and stress (interaction between underlying predispositions and stressors)

37
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

associated with a history of trauma or abuse, although biological factors are likely also involved

38
Q

Oral Fixation

A

problems feeding or weaning can cause later need for oral gratification (eating, drinking, smoking OR acting needy, dependent, demanding, passive)

39
Q

Anal Fixation

A

problems with toilet training or learning self-control (parent too harsh or rigid) can lead to becoming anal-retentive or anal-expulsive

40
Q

Phallic Fixation

A

prohibiting genital exploration can lead to excessive masculinity or femininity

41
Q

Object permanence

A

awareness that objects continue to exist when they cannot be seen

42
Q

Egocentrism

A

tendency to view the world through one’s own experience

43
Q

Piaget’s Stages

A

Sensorimoter Stage, Preoperationl Stage, Concrete Operational Stage, Formal Operational Stage

44
Q

Sensorimoter

A

explore world through direct sensory contact - birth to 2 years old

45
Q

Preoperational

A

begin to think symbolically - ages 2-7

46
Q

Concrete Operational

A

develop the ability to reason but only about concrete ideas – ages 7-12

47
Q

Formal Operational

A

reasoning about abstract ideas - ages 12 to adult

48
Q

Harlow Monkey’s

A

contact comfort is important for healthy social development

49
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

people think they have no control over the outcomes they experience

50
Q

Trait Theories

A

provide a descriptive framework for personality and can predict behavior

Psych1000 (21 decks)

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