Last Moise Quiz Flashcards
Fluoroquinolones?
One is specific for upper and lower respiratory tract infections?
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, floxacin
Levofloxacin
Terbinafine and Azoles both block synthesis of?
Ergosterol
Blocks Dihydrofolate reductase
Pyrimidines
Block dihydropteroate synthase
Sulfonamides
Sulfonamides are good for?
Generally use as?
Adverse effects?
- Uncomplicated UTIs
- Hematopoietic disturbances
- interacts with warfarin
Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?
How do they work?
- Prolonged QT
- Neuropathy
- Cartilage degradation, Achilles tendon
- Should be avoided during pregnancy
They block bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and Topo IV
Combination of sulfonamide with timethoprim is?
Synergistic becasue it blocks the process in two different steps.
How to fungal infections invade and evade destruction
- Intracellular survival (switch from yeast to more virulent)
- Inhibit phagocytosis
- Antigenic Variation
- Immune suppression
- Tissue damage by triggering inflammatory response
Disease caused by fungi?
Fungi that invade the skin, hair, or nails? They are specifically called?
Deep fungal infections are ____ threatening
mycoses
dermatophytes, tineas (ringworm)
life threatening
Polyene macrolide like amphotericin B
is too toxic for parenternal admin and only used topically
Nystatin
WHAT IS THIS?
Yeast
Rifamycin is a?
What is its MOA?
Antimycobacterial Drug that inhibits the synthesis of RNA by targeting RNA polymerase
Using ABXs can cause?
Medical devices can also cause _____ invasion
_____ is a major cause of fungal sepsis and septic shock (HTN, tachycardia)
Thrush
candidiasis invasion
Candidemia
Binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane forming pores
- Broad spectrum with good activity against candida, cryptococcus
Adverse effects?
Amphotericin B
AE: Infusion related rxns, nephrotoxicity.
Oral and topical fungicidal that blocks ergosterol synthesis at an earlier step than azoles
Terbinafine
Oral fungistatic used for dermatophytosis
Griseofulvin
Nucleoside Analog
Blocks DNA and RNA polymerization
Treats Cryptococcus associated meningitis
AE?
Flucytosine
Bone marrow toxicity with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
Inhibits fungal wall synthesis, good for invasive candidiasis
Fungin
Grow as ovoid or spherical, single cells multiply by budding and division
(Histoplasma)
Yeast
Fungal Infections
- Eukaryotic Cells with _____ walls
- Can grow as molds or yeasts
- ______ can be both
- Resistant to ________ wall
- Pathogenicity?
- Rigid cell walls
- Candida albicans
- bacterial cell wall inhibitors
- Can adapt to a wide variety of temperatures, digest keratin, low oxygen, they also suppress the immune systems defense
Isoniazid is responsible for?
MOA?
Cell wall inhibition of mycobacteria it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Inhibition of protein synthesis by targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Used as an Anti what?
Antimycobacterial
Streptomycin
Block ergosterol synthesis from lanosterol
broad spectrum for candida, C neoformans, endemic mycoses
Metabolized by CYP3A4
Azoles
Maturatio of TB
Cellular ______?
-
_____ granuloma
-
______
Granuloma
Necrotic Granuloma
Cavity
A fungal infection is also referred to as?
Mycosis
Filamentous fungi growth as multinucleate, branching hyphae (branching), ringworm is a common one. Also these are more pathogenic
MOLds
Why are mycobacteria (like TB) difficult to treat?
- Slow growth or become dormant to evade
- intracellular pathogens cannot be reached by immune factors (Ab,C) and drugs
- lipid rich cell wall of the bacteria is impermeable to many agents
- Incredibly good at aquiring resistance to drugs
