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Pharmacology 3 > Last Moise Quiz > Flashcards

Last Moise Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoroquinolones?

One is specific for upper and lower respiratory tract infections?

A

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, floxacin

Levofloxacin

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2
Q

Terbinafine and Azoles both block synthesis of?

A

Ergosterol

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3
Q

Blocks Dihydrofolate reductase

A

Pyrimidines

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4
Q

Block dihydropteroate synthase

A

Sulfonamides

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5
Q

Sulfonamides are good for?

Generally use as?

Adverse effects?

A
  • Uncomplicated UTIs
  • Hematopoietic disturbances
  • interacts with warfarin
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6
Q

Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?

How do they work?

A
  • Prolonged QT
  • Neuropathy
  • Cartilage degradation, Achilles tendon
  • Should be avoided during pregnancy

They block bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) and Topo IV

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7
Q

Combination of sulfonamide with timethoprim is?

A

Synergistic becasue it blocks the process in two different steps.

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8
Q

How to fungal infections invade and evade destruction

A
  • Intracellular survival (switch from yeast to more virulent)
  • Inhibit phagocytosis
  • Antigenic Variation
  • Immune suppression
  • Tissue damage by triggering inflammatory response
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9
Q

Disease caused by fungi?

Fungi that invade the skin, hair, or nails? They are specifically called?

Deep fungal infections are ____ threatening

A

mycoses

dermatophytes, tineas (ringworm)

life threatening

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10
Q

Polyene macrolide like amphotericin B

is too toxic for parenternal admin and only used topically

A

Nystatin

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11
Q

WHAT IS THIS?

A

Yeast

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12
Q

Rifamycin is a?

What is its MOA?

A

Antimycobacterial Drug that inhibits the synthesis of RNA by targeting RNA polymerase

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13
Q

Using ABXs can cause?

Medical devices can also cause _____ invasion

_____ is a major cause of fungal sepsis and septic shock (HTN, tachycardia)

A

Thrush

candidiasis invasion

Candidemia

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14
Q

Binds to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane forming pores

  • Broad spectrum with good activity against candida, cryptococcus

Adverse effects?

A

Amphotericin B

AE: Infusion related rxns, nephrotoxicity.

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15
Q

Oral and topical fungicidal that blocks ergosterol synthesis at an earlier step than azoles

A

Terbinafine

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16
Q

Oral fungistatic used for dermatophytosis

A

Griseofulvin

17
Q

Nucleoside Analog

Blocks DNA and RNA polymerization

Treats Cryptococcus associated meningitis

AE?

A

Flucytosine

Bone marrow toxicity with anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

18
Q

Inhibits fungal wall synthesis, good for invasive candidiasis

A

Fungin

19
Q

Grow as ovoid or spherical, single cells multiply by budding and division

(Histoplasma)

A

Yeast

20
Q

Fungal Infections

  • Eukaryotic Cells with _____ walls
  • Can grow as molds or yeasts
  • ______ can be both
  • Resistant to ________ wall
  • Pathogenicity?
A
  • Rigid cell walls
  • Candida albicans
  • bacterial cell wall inhibitors
  • Can adapt to a wide variety of temperatures, digest keratin, low oxygen, they also suppress the immune systems defense
21
Q

Isoniazid is responsible for?

MOA?

A

Cell wall inhibition of mycobacteria it inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

22
Q

Inhibition of protein synthesis by targeting the 30S ribosomal subunit.

Used as an Anti what?

A

Antimycobacterial

Streptomycin

23
Q

Block ergosterol synthesis from lanosterol

broad spectrum for candida, C neoformans, endemic mycoses

Metabolized by CYP3A4

A

Azoles

24
Q

Maturatio of TB

Cellular ______?

-

_____ granuloma

-

______

A

Granuloma

Necrotic Granuloma

Cavity

25
Q

A fungal infection is also referred to as?

A

Mycosis

26
Q

Filamentous fungi growth as multinucleate, branching hyphae (branching), ringworm is a common one. Also these are more pathogenic

A

MOLds

27
Q

Why are mycobacteria (like TB) difficult to treat?

A
  1. Slow growth or become dormant to evade
  2. intracellular pathogens cannot be reached by immune factors (Ab,C) and drugs
  3. lipid rich cell wall of the bacteria is impermeable to many agents
  4. Incredibly good at aquiring resistance to drugs

Pharmacology 3 (20 decks)

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