Infections Slide set 5 Flashcards
What are the 6 bacteria types?
- True Bacteria
- Filamentous Bacteria
- Spirochetes
- Mycoplasmas
- Rickettsia
- Chlamydia
Miroorganism/human relationship
Mutual relationship - Normal Flora - Relationship can be breached by injury + Leave their normal sites and cause infection elsewhere
Bacterial virulence and infectivity.
Bacteria must have iron to multiply (Siderophores) - Presence of polysaccharide capsules - Supression of complement activation - Bacterial proliforation rates can surpass protective response.
Bacteria can produce endotoxins and exotoxins whats the difference?
Endo- lipopolysaccharides contained in the cell walls of gram negative organisms. Pyrogenic effects Exo- Enzymes released during growth causing specific responses - Immunogenic - Antitoxin production.
Bacterial Sepsis? Associated with?
ARDS, DIC, Hemodynamic effects and renal failure.
Staphylococcus aureus is?
Gram positive bacterial sepsis.
Bacteremia or septicemia
- Presence of bacteria in the blood due to a failure of the body’s defense mechanisms
- Usually caused by gram-negative bacteria
- Toxins released in the blood cause the release of vasoactive peptides and cytokines that produce widespread vasodilation
Respiratory infections: Pneumonia
Community acquired
Pneumococcal pneumonia (strepto pneumoniae)
Mycoplasm in young
Nosocomial Infection?
Pneumonia
Staph aureus, Kleb pneumoniae, P. Aeroginosa
Immunocompromised patients?
Pneumonia
P. Jiroveci
Pneumonia Port of Entry
- Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
- Inhalation of aerosols
- From blood bacteremia
Explain how Pneumococcal Pneumonia gets in and infects the body?
Respiratory Infections TB or Mycobacterium Avium complex
TB has the ___ death toll of any infectious pathogen
POA:?
TB—?
MAC in what type of patient?
How to detect TB?
- Highest death toll
- Airborne transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- MAC in immunocompromised patients
Detected
- Tubercle formation
- Caseous necrosis
- Positive tuberculin skin test (PPD)
Respiratory Infections: Acute bronchitis
What is it?
Bronchitis causes similar symptoms as? But doesnt demonstrate what?
- Acute inflammation or infection of the airways or bronchi
- Symptoms like pneumonia but doesnt demonstrate pulmonary consolidation and chest infiltrates
Respiratory Infection: Acute epiglottitis
Most common in?
WHat happens how serious?
What bacteria causes it?
Symptoms?
Treatment?
- Children
- Severe rapid progressive, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and surrounding area
- Usually cause by Haemophilus influenzae type B
- Incidence decreased by HIB vaccine
- High fever, sore throat, inspiratory stridor, sever respiratory distress
- Emergency airway and antibiotics
What is a UTI ?
what are the 3 type?
- UTI is inflammation of the urinary epithelium following invasion and colonization by some pathogen within the urinary tract
- Complicated
- Uncomplicated
- Persistent
What are the common pathogens that cause UTIs?
- E.Coli
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Enterobacter spp
What is cystitis? Pertaining to UTIs
What are the symptoms?
How do you treat?
- Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder
- Frequency, dysuria(hurts to pee), urgency, and lower abdominal and/or suprapubic pain
- Antimicrobial therapy, increased fluid intake, avoidance of bladder irritants, and urinary analgesics
GI infections?
_____ seen with dysentery
One other pathogen
- Shigellosis
- Campylobacter enteriris (Travelers Di)
STDs there are 5 bacterial STDs and diseases to go with them
Sexually transmitted Urogenital Infections
Gonorrhea
Cause by what species?
What type of bacteria are they?
- Caused by microorganisms of the species Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Aerobic, non–spore-forming, gram-negative, diplococcus
- Presence of pili helps the microorganisms attach themselves to the epithelial cells of mucous membranes
Infections from species Neisseria gonorrhoeae can result in?
- Disseminated gonococcal infection (CGI)
- Perihepatitis
- Ophthalmia neonatorum
How is gonorrhea transmitted?
- Transmission generally requires contact of epithelial surfaces
- Gonorrhea also crosses amniotic membranes
- Humans are the only natural hosts
Syphillis
Primary ___
Secondary ___
Tertiary ____
Latent ____
Congenital____
- primary: appearance of a chancre (painless ulcers on genitals)
- secondary: mucocutaneous eruptions widespread hematogenous and lymphatic spread
- tertiary: cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis
- latent syphilis: asymptomatic but potential recurrent infections
- congenital
Chlamydial infections
Trachoma?
Leading cause of preventable blindness
Nongonococcal or nonspecific urethritis
- Nonreportable STI
- Syndrome caused most commonly by Chlamydia trachomatis
What are other pathogens associated with urethritis?
- Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma
Staphylococcus aureus infections
Commensal bacteria and _____ pathogen?
Super antigens?
Children? SSSS? others?
Hospital?
SOFT PAINS?
- Opportunistic pathogen
- Enterotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1)
- Cause immune overactivation —> Toxic shock and food poisoning
- Impetigo and Staph scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
- Most common cause of food borne outbreaks
- Skin infection, Osteomyelitis, Food poisoning, Toxic shock syndrome, Pneumonia, Acute Endocarditis, Infective arthritis, Necrotizing fasciitis, Sepsis
