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Micro > Laboratory > Flashcards

Laboratory Flashcards

0
Q

Examples of direct exam

A 
LAVE
light microscopy
Ag detection
Viral genome detection
Electron microscopy
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1
Q

Diagnostic methods in virology

A

Direct
Indirect
Serology

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2
Q

Examples of indirect examination (3)

A

Cell culture
Eggs
Animals

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3
Q

Growing virus may produce?

A

Cytopathic effect

Hemadaorption

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4
Q

Termed as ballooning of cells or syncytia formation, may be non specific or specific

A

Cytopathic effect

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5
Q

Examples that give CPE

A 
Ballooning:
Enterovirus 71
HsV
Syncytia:
RSV
Measles
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6
Q

Cells acquire the ability to stick to mammalian RBCs

A

Hemadsorption

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7
Q

In cell cultures, confirmation pf the identity of the virus may be acrried out using..

A

Neutralization
Hemadsorption-inhibition
IF tests

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8
Q

3 types of cell culture

A

Primary
Semi continuous
Continuous

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9
Q 
Human embryonic kidney?
Monkey kidney?
HeLa?
Vero?
Skin fibroblast?
A 
Semi
Primary
Cont
Cont
Semi
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10
Q

Most easy to handle but the range pf viruses suported is often limited

A

Continuous

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11
Q

Readily isolated by cell culture (9)

A

RICE PA MCH!!

Rsv
InfluenZa
Cmv
Echo
ParainfluenZa
Adeno
Mumps
Cox b
Hsv
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12
Q

Rapid culture how many days?

A

2-4 days

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13
Q

Explain CMV Deaff test

A

Cell grown in cover slips; spun for 1 hr; incubated for 2-4days; examined by IF

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14
Q

Cannot be grown in cell culture

A

Diarrheal viruses
Parvo
HPV
hepB

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15
Q

How many virus particles to be visualized in EM

A

10^6

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16
Q

Which specimens may virus be detects by EM?

A

Feces
Vesicle fluid
Skin scrapings

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17
Q

Feces?

A

Diarrheal: rota, adeno, calici, norwalk, astro

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18
Q

The specificity and sensitivity of em may be enhanced by

A

Immune electron microscopy

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19
Q

2 variants of immune em

A

Classic

Solid phase

20
Q

Sample is treated with specific antisera before being put up for em

A

Classical

21
Q

Grid is coated with antisera

A

Solid phase

22
Q

Problems with em

A

Expensive
Experience
Low sensitivity

23
Q

Detection of rising titers bet acute and convalescent stages or igM detection

A

Serology

24
Q

Newer serology techniques?

A

Radio immunoassay
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Particle agglutination
Western blot

25
Q

Criteria for diagnosing primary infection (4)

A

4 fold increase in igG
Presence of igm
Seroconversion
Single high titer of igG

26
Q

Criteria for reinfection?

A

Absence of slight increase in IgM

27
Q

Viruses that produce clinical disease before appearance of antibodies

A

Respiratory

Diarrheal virus

28
Q

Virus which produce clinical disease months or years after seroconversion

A

Hiv and rabies

29
Q

Parts of a western blot

A

Lane 1 and 2

Sample a,b,c

30
Q

Lane 1?

A

Positive control

31
Q

Lane 2?

A

Negative control

32
Q

Sample c?

A

Positive

33
Q

Consists of 2 rows in which 4 fold increase is aignificant and indicates recent infection

A

Complement fixation

34
Q

Used mainly for hsv and vzv encephalitis

A

Csf antibodies

35
Q

Indicative of meningitis

A

Csf/serum > 1/100

36
Q

Rapid diagnosis in blood

A

Cmv (pp65 antigenemia test)

37
Q

Problems of IF

A

Reduced sensitivity and specificity compared to cell culture;
Expensive in terms of lab time

38
Q

Nethods based on detection of viral genome

A

Molecular method

39
Q

Examples of classical molecular method

A

Dot blot
Southern blot
In situ hybrid

40
Q

Temps in pcr?

A

DenaturAtion - 94c
Annealing - 50
Extension - 72

41
Q

Cycles of pcr?

A

25-40

42
Q

Identificatin of pcr product by?

A

AGE
HYBRIDIZATION
rest enzyme analysis
Dna sequencing

43
Q

In PCR, Each cycle _____ the copy number of target

A

Doubles

44
Q

Linear amplification what method?

A

Branched dna

45
Q

Promising technology that detects large number of virus, pathogenic potential, drug sensitivity at the same time

A

DNA chip

46
Q

Techniques with target amplification?

A

Pcr
Nasba
Tma

47
Q

Techniques that have Signal ampli?

A

Lcr

Qb replicase

48
Q

Monoclonal antibody labeled

A

Dfa (30-45)

Micro (24 decks)

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