Lab Practical

Question 1

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 1

• 7
• neck region
• Atlas: has no body (c1) (Superior articulating facet)
• Axis: C2, dens projection
• Transverse process’ have holes

Question 2

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 2

• 5
• transverse process’ point horizontally
• Lower back region

Question 3

Sternum

Answer 3

• Top: Manubrium
• Body: Body
• Cartilage at bottom (Xyphoid Process)
• Costal Cartilage connect to true ribs

Question 4

Humerus

Answer 4

• radial groove, Olecranon fossa posterior
• Head of the humerus articulates w/ glenoid cavity
• Olecranon fossa is located at the distal end

Question 5

Radius

Answer 5

-Styloid process at distal end (At base of the thumb)

Question 6

Ulna

Answer 6

• Styloid process at distal end

- Radioulnar Notch

Question 7

Fibula

Answer 7

-Lateral Maliolus on distal end of bone (forms outer part of ankle) ← How to tell left
from right (distal end)
-forms joints with the tibia both proximally and distally
-thin and stick-like bone (no part in forming the knee joint)
-head of fibula at proximal end

Question 8

Rib

Answer 8

• Articulate with the vertebral column posteriorly
• Curve downward and toward the surface of the body
• True ribs: pairs 1-7, attach directly to the sternum via costal cartilage
• False ribs: 8-12, attach indirectly to sternum or not at all
• Floating ribs: 11& 12, dont attach to sternum
• Connects to the vertebrae

Question 9

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 9

• 12 in all
• articulate w/ ribs
• spinous process is long, hooks downward
• heart shaped body

Question 10

Coccyx

Answer 10

• Formed from fusion of 4 vertebrae
• Remanent of a tail that other vertebrates have
• Vestigial Bone: slowly disappearing

Question 11

Sacrum

Answer 11

• Formed by the fusion of 5 vertebrae
• Articulates with L5
• Alae articulate with the hip bones

Question 12

Skull

Answer 12

• Made up of the cranium and the facial bones
• Cranium: protects the brain
• Facial bones: hold eyes in proper position, allow facial muscles to move
• Mandible: only movable bone of the Skull
• Hole in the middle is called the foramen magnum

Question 13

Cranium

Answer 13

• Frontal Bone
• Parietal Bone
• Sphenoid Bone
• Temporal Bone
• Occipital Bone
• Ethmoid Bone

Question 14

Hyoid Bone

Answer 14

• Only bone to not directly articulate with any other bone
• attachment of the tongue
• raise and lowers the larynx when swallowing or speaking
• Located inferior to the mandible
• Greater and lesser bones

Question 15

Clavicle

Answer 15

• Attaches to the manubrium of the sternum via sternal (Medial) end (sternoclavicular joint)
• Attaches to the scapula’s acromion via its acromial (lateral end) (ac joint)
• curves inward

Question 16

Scapula

Answer 16

• Rough end
• Articulates with the head of the humerus via its glenoid cavity
• Attaches to the clavicle’s acromial end via the acromion

Question 17

Carpal

Answer 17

• Gliding joint
• Distal row lateral to medial: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
• Proximal row lateral to medial: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 18

Metacarpals and Phalanges

Answer 18

• Metacarpals: 1-5 from thumb to pinky

- Phalanges: 14, 3 on each finger except thumb (proximal and distal)

Question 19

Coxal Bones (Ossa Coxae)

Answer 19

–Where the hip attaches forming a ball and socket joint

Question 20

Femur

Answer 20

• -medial and lateral condyles
• only bone in the thigh
• proximal end has a neck and greater and lesser trochanters.

Question 21

Tibia

Answer 21

• Medial Malleoulus has to be medial ← How to tell left from right
  
  • Medial and Lateral Condyles articulate with the distal end of the femur (form knee joint)
  • Patella attaches to tibial tuberosity
  • Anterior border: front border that can be felt through the skin

Question 22

Patella

Answer 22

• Sesamoid bone
• Appendicular hinge joint
• Function: acts to reduce friction in the knee
• Connects to Synovial cavity & Tibia/Fibula

Question 23

Tarsal Bones

Answer 23

• -Bones of the foot
  
  • Calcaneus and Talus hold the most weight
  • Proximal: Calcaneus→ Talus
  • Medial to lateral 2nd row: Navicular, Cuboid
  • Medial to lateral 3rd row: Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform

Question 24

Mandible

Answer 24

• Only movable bone of the skull
• Mental foramens: holes in the chin, passages for nerves and blood cells
• Condyle and Coronoid are important

Question 25

Metatarsals and Phalanges

Answer 25

• Metatarsals: 5 big toe to baby toe
• Phalanges:
  - Big toe: 2
  - Other toes: 3
  - 14 in all