Lab Exam Terminology

Question 1

what is Cranial capacity

Answer 1

measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (brain-case)

Question 2

what is Sagittal crest / nuchal crest

Answer 2

bony ridges on the skull that serve as muscle attachments

Question 3

what is Sagittal

Answer 3

down the middle of the top of the cranium

Question 4

what is Nuchal

Answer 4

towards the back base of the cranium (dorsal), running left to right

Question 5

what is Postorbital bar/closure

Answer 5

partial or complete closure of bone around the eye

Question 6

what is Postorbital constriction

Answer 6

narrowing of the cranium just behind the eye sockets

Question 7

what is Supraorbital tori

Answer 7

brow ridge

Question 8

how to describe Forehead slope

Answer 8

straight or sloping back?

Question 9

what is Binocular/stereoscopic vision

Answer 9

two front-facing eyes for depth perception

Question 10

what is Zygomatic arch

Answer 10

cheekbones. The larger the ‘flare’, the larger the jaw muscles that are encased

Question 11

what is Mastoid process

Answer 11

temporal bones behind the ear (serve as attachment for neck muscles)

Question 12

what is Facial prognathism

Answer 12

the forward projection of the jaw

Question 13

what is Mandibular ramus

Answer 13

the back-half of the lower jaw bone (mandible), forms an ‘L’ shape

Question 14

what is Presence or absence of a chin

Answer 14

does the chin on the mandible (jaw) slope back or form a more abrupt angle?

Question 15

what is Dental formula

Answer 15

the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) count of tooth types in a jaw (incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 16

what is Superior or cranial

Answer 16

toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity

Question 17

what is Inferior or caudal

Answer 17

away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).

Question 18

what is Anterior or ventral

Answer 18

front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg)

Question 19

what is Posterior or dorsal

Answer 19

back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of
the body)

Question 20

what is Medial

Answer 20

toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot)

Question 21

what is Lateral

Answer 21

away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).

Question 22

what is Proximal

Answer 22

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone)

Question 23

what is Distal

Answer 23

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).

Question 24

what are the Planes of the Body

Answer 24

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)

• Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
• Transverse Plane (Axial Plane) -

Question 25

what is Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)

Answer 25

A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 26

what is Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)

Answer 26

A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

Question 27

what is Transverse Plane (Axial Plane)

Answer 27

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

Question 28

what are the patterns of Human Teeth

Answer 28

An adult human being has 32 teeth, grouped into 4 classes: | incisors (8), canines (4), premolars (8) and molars (12)

Question 29

what is Bulb of percussion

Answer 29

In stone tool making, a swelling on a flake or blade at the point where it has been struck to detach it from a core

Question 30

what is Sagittal keel

Answer 30

thickening of bone on part or all of the midline of the frontal bone. Not a sagittal crest, but a kind of pronounced ridge of bone in the same place

Question 31

what is the Occipital bun

Answer 31

a backward-projecting bulge at the posterior of the cranium

Question 32

what is Everted mandible

Answer 32

the lateral (outward) flaring of the mandibular angle

Question 33

what is cranial vault

Answer 33

the space pf the skull housing the brain. Directly related to cranial capacity (cc), the volumetric measure in cubic cm of the cranial vault

Question 34

what is diastema

Answer 34

a gap between 2 teeth. Apes have larger canines and gaps in opposite jaws to accommodate them; humans do not

Question 35

what is innominate bones (os coxae)

Answer 35

the pair of bones that comprise the latter (left and right) parts of the pelvis. Each innominate is made up of 3 bones that fuse during adolescence (ischium, ilium, pubis)

Question 36

what is sacrum

Answer 36

the fused vertebrae that form the back of the pelvis