Lab Exam Terminology Flashcards
what is Cranial capacity
measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (brain-case)
what is Sagittal crest / nuchal crest
bony ridges on the skull that serve as muscle attachments
what is Sagittal
down the middle of the top of the cranium
what is Nuchal
towards the back base of the cranium (dorsal), running left to right
what is Postorbital bar/closure
partial or complete closure of bone around the eye
what is Postorbital constriction
narrowing of the cranium just behind the eye sockets
what is Supraorbital tori
brow ridge
how to describe Forehead slope
straight or sloping back?
what is Binocular/stereoscopic vision
two front-facing eyes for depth perception
what is Zygomatic arch
cheekbones. The larger the ‘flare’, the larger the jaw muscles that are encased
what is Mastoid process
temporal bones behind the ear (serve as attachment for neck muscles)
what is Facial prognathism
the forward projection of the jaw
what is Mandibular ramus
the back-half of the lower jaw bone (mandible), forms an ‘L’ shape
what is Presence or absence of a chin
does the chin on the mandible (jaw) slope back or form a more abrupt angle?
what is Dental formula
the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) count of tooth types in a jaw (incisors, canines, premolars, molars
what is Superior or cranial
toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity
what is Inferior or caudal
away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).
what is Anterior or ventral
front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg)
what is Posterior or dorsal
back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of
the body)
what is Medial
toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot)
what is Lateral
away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).
what is Proximal
toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone)
what is Distal
away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).
what are the Planes of the Body
Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)
- Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
- Transverse Plane (Axial Plane) -
what is Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)
A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.
what is Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.
what is Transverse Plane (Axial Plane)
A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.
what are the patterns of Human Teeth
An adult human being has 32 teeth, grouped into 4 classes:
incisors (8), canines (4), premolars (8) and molars (12)
what is Bulb of percussion
In stone tool making, a swelling on a flake or blade at the point where it has been struck to detach it from a core
what is Sagittal keel
thickening of bone on part or all of the midline of the frontal bone. Not a sagittal crest, but a kind of pronounced ridge of bone in the same place
what is the Occipital bun
a backward-projecting bulge at the posterior of the cranium
what is Everted mandible
the lateral (outward) flaring of the mandibular angle
what is cranial vault
the space pf the skull housing the brain. Directly related to cranial capacity (cc), the volumetric measure in cubic cm of the cranial vault
what is diastema
a gap between 2 teeth. Apes have larger canines and gaps in opposite jaws to accommodate them; humans do not
what is innominate bones (os coxae)
the pair of bones that comprise the latter (left and right) parts of the pelvis. Each innominate is made up of 3 bones that fuse during adolescence (ischium, ilium, pubis)
what is sacrum
the fused vertebrae that form the back of the pelvis
