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U0 Anthropology 203 > Lab Exam Terminology > Flashcards

Lab Exam Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what is Cranial capacity

A

measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (brain-case)

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2
Q

what is Sagittal crest / nuchal crest

A

bony ridges on the skull that serve as muscle attachments

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3
Q

what is Sagittal

A

down the middle of the top of the cranium

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4
Q

what is Nuchal

A

towards the back base of the cranium (dorsal), running left to right

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5
Q

what is Postorbital bar/closure

A

partial or complete closure of bone around the eye

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6
Q

what is Postorbital constriction

A

narrowing of the cranium just behind the eye sockets

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7
Q

what is Supraorbital tori

A

brow ridge

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8
Q

how to describe Forehead slope

A

straight or sloping back?

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9
Q

what is Binocular/stereoscopic vision

A

two front-facing eyes for depth perception

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10
Q

what is Zygomatic arch

A

cheekbones. The larger the ‘flare’, the larger the jaw muscles that are encased

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11
Q

what is Mastoid process

A

temporal bones behind the ear (serve as attachment for neck muscles)

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12
Q

what is Facial prognathism

A

the forward projection of the jaw

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13
Q

what is Mandibular ramus

A

the back-half of the lower jaw bone (mandible), forms an ‘L’ shape

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14
Q

what is Presence or absence of a chin

A

does the chin on the mandible (jaw) slope back or form a more abrupt angle?

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15
Q

what is Dental formula

A

the upper (maxilla) and lower (mandible) count of tooth types in a jaw (incisors, canines, premolars, molars

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16
Q

what is Superior or cranial

A

toward the head end of the body; upper (example, the hand is part of the superior extremity

17
Q

what is Inferior or caudal

A

away from the head; lower (example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity).

18
Q

what is Anterior or ventral

A

front (example, the kneecap is located on the anterior side of the leg)

19
Q

what is Posterior or dorsal

A

back (example, the shoulder blades are located on the posterior side of
the body)

20
Q

what is Medial

A

toward the midline of the body (example, the middle toe is located at the medial side of the foot)

21
Q

what is Lateral

A

away from the midline of the body (example, the little toe is located at the lateral side of the foot).

22
Q

what is Proximal

A

toward or nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part (example, the proximal end of the femur joins with the pelvic bone)

23
Q

what is Distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk or the point or origin of a part (example, the hand is located at the distal end of the forearm).

24
Q

what are the Planes of the Body

A

Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)

  • Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
  • Transverse Plane (Axial Plane) -
25
Q

what is Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)

A

A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

26
Q

what is Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)

A

A vertical plane running from front to back; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides.

27
Q

what is Transverse Plane (Axial Plane)

A

A horizontal plane; divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts.

28
Q

what are the patterns of Human Teeth

A

An adult human being has 32 teeth, grouped into 4 classes:

incisors (8), canines (4), premolars (8) and molars (12)

29
Q

what is Bulb of percussion

A

In stone tool making, a swelling on a flake or blade at the point where it has been struck to detach it from a core

30
Q

what is Sagittal keel

A

thickening of bone on part or all of the midline of the frontal bone. Not a sagittal crest, but a kind of pronounced ridge of bone in the same place

31
Q

what is the Occipital bun

A

a backward-projecting bulge at the posterior of the cranium

32
Q

what is Everted mandible

A

the lateral (outward) flaring of the mandibular angle

33
Q

what is cranial vault

A

the space pf the skull housing the brain. Directly related to cranial capacity (cc), the volumetric measure in cubic cm of the cranial vault

34
Q

what is diastema

A

a gap between 2 teeth. Apes have larger canines and gaps in opposite jaws to accommodate them; humans do not

35
Q

what is innominate bones (os coxae)

A

the pair of bones that comprise the latter (left and right) parts of the pelvis. Each innominate is made up of 3 bones that fuse during adolescence (ischium, ilium, pubis)

36
Q

what is sacrum

A

the fused vertebrae that form the back of the pelvis

U0 Anthropology 203 (43 decks)

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