Chapter 1 pt 2 Flashcards
what was the Scopes Monkey trial
trial in the 1900’s, Scopes was charged for teaching evolution, and even though it was admitted that the Bible should not be taken literally (the creation section) Scopes was fired and charged anyway
there has been a long battle of people trying to teach evolution and getting in trouble for it
what is observation—
the gathering of scientific information by watching a phenomenon
what is deduction—
a conclusion that follows logically from a set of observations
what is hypothesis—
a preliminary explanation of a phenomenon, hypothesis information is the first step of the scientific method
what is experimentation—
the testing of a hypothesis
what is data—
the scientific evidence produced by an experiment or by observation, from which scientific conclusions are made
what is scientific method—
scientific research procedure in which a hypothesis is states, data are collected to test it, and a hypothesis is either supported or refuted
what is falsifiable—
the ability to be proven false (a hypothesis must be falsifiable)
what is paradigm—
a conceptual framework useful for understanding a body of evidence
what did aristotle believe
believed each living thing possessed an absolutely fixed essence that could not be altered and that here was a hierarchy that all life was organized onto (humans at the top)
immutability— stasis, lack of change
during the Renaissance, 3 major developments made way for the establishment of an academic discipline devoted to a scientific understanding of the human condition:
- the great artists f the Renaissance— showed the body more accurately than that of the Middle Ages
- exploration of the new world — discoveries of greater amounts of nature (biological and cultural)
polygenism— ancient belief that people are derived from multiple creations
people who thought like this were imprisoned or even killed during this time
monogenism— ancient belief that all people are derived from a single creation - scientific revolution
what is taxonomy—
the science of biological classification
what is binomial nomenclature—
linnaean naming system for all organisms, consisting of a genus and species label
who came up with the classification system
linnaeus
what is taxon—
a group of organisms assigned to a particular category
what is catastrophism—
theory that there have been multiple creations interspersed by great natural disasters such as Noah’s flood
what is theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics—
discredited theory of evolutionary change proposing that changes that occur during the lifetime of an individual, through us or disguise, can be passed on to the next generation
what is lysenkoism—
soviet-era research program that tried to apply Lamarickian thinking to agricultural production
what is uniformitarianism—
theory that the same gradual geological process we observe today was operating in the past
what is biogeography—
the distribution of animals and plants on earth
what is adaptive radiation—
the diversification of one founding species into multiple species and niches
what is natural selection—
differential reproductive success over multiple generations
what is vestigial organis—
body parts that seem to serve no modern purpose and have, therefore, atrophied
Darwin found this to be the case of many organisms he observed
what is population—
an interbreeding group of organisms
what is mutation—
an alteration in the DNA, which may or may not alter the function of a cell, it i occurs in a gamete it may be passed from one generation to the next
who was Agassiz—
was against Darwin and his ideas
