Chapter 1

Question 1

define primate

Answer 1

member of the mammalian order primates, including prosimians, monkeys, apes and humans defined by a suite of anatomical and behavioural traits

Question 2

define evolution-

Answer 2

a change int he frequency of a gene or a trait in a population over multiple generations

Question 3

are humans primates or just the result of evolution

Answer 3

humans are primates and the result of evolution

Question 4

what is biological anthropology—

Answer 4

the study of humans as biological organisms, considered in an evolutionary framework; sometimes called physical anthropology

Question 5

whats a hominin—

Answer 5

a member of the primate family Hominidae, distinguished by bipedal posture and, in more recently evolved species, a large brain
began to walk on 2 legs

Question 6

what is adaptation—

Answer 6

a trait that increases the reproductive success of an organism, produced by natural selection in the context of a particular environment
humans are like all other things, the result of adaptation

Question 7

what is anthropology—

Answer 7

the study of human kind in a cross-cultural context. Includes the subfields of cultural, linguistic, and biological anthropology

Question 8

broadest definition of anthropology is;

Answer 8

the study of humankind in all its form

but this would not distinguish it from psychology, history and sociology

Question 9

what is culture—

Answer 9

the sum total of learned traditions, values and beliefs that groups of people )and a few species of highly intelligent animals possess
the exact definition is often debated
language is culture (even thought the ability to use it is biological), religion is culture (the way they dress and what they eat)
human behaviours vary from one culture to the next
What about the universal taboo on incestuous relationships? What about the observation that women tend to marry older men?
are these learned tradition, or are there biological influences at work?

Question 10

what is bicultural anthropology—

Answer 10

the study of interaction between biology and culture, which plays a role in most human traits
biology influences culture and culture influences biology

Question 11

anthropology is divided into 4 subfields, what are they

Answer 11

biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology and archaeology

Question 12

what is Cultural anthropology—

Answer 12

the study of human societies in a cross-cultural perspective. The amazing variety of ways in which people lead their daily lives is at the heart of this field

Question 13

what is ethnology—

Answer 13

subfield of cultural anthropology, the study of human societies and of the behaviour of people within those societies. Might include everything from the way marriages and funerals are arranged, to the economic system, to kinship

Question 14

whats linguistic anthropology—

Answer 14

the study of languages, its origins and use.

interested in language use and role that it plays in shaping culture rather than the technical aspects

Question 15

what is archaeology

Answer 15

the study of how people use to live, based on the materials, or artifacts, they left behind. These artifacts, art, implements and other objects of material culture form the basis for the analysis and interpretation of everything from what members of ancient culture ate to how they imagined their afterlife.

Question 16

what is paleoanthropology—

Answer 16

the study of the fossil record of ancestral humans and their primate kin
Lucy is an example of a discovery

Question 17

what is Osteology—

Answer 17

the study of the skeleton

they organize and identify the skeleton when found

Question 18

whats anthropometrist—

Answer 18

among first generation of bio anthropologists, made detailed measurements of the human body in all its forms

Question 19

what is skeletal biology—

Answer 19

like osteology, but because the bones of the body develop in concert with other tissues, such as muscles and tendons, a skeletal biologist must know the patterns and processes of human growth, physiology and development, not just anatomy

Question 20

what is peleopathology—

Answer 20

the study of diseases in ancestral populations

Question 21

what is bioarchaeology—

Answer 21

the study of human remains in an archaeological context

Question 22

what go hand-in-hand with skeletal biology

Answer 22

peleopathology

bioarchaeology

Question 23

what is forensic anthropology—

Answer 23

he study of human remains applied to a legal context
used for war crime investigations and investigations of mass graves
use footprints to identify height and weight of a suspect from a crime scene

Question 24

what is primatology—

Answer 24

the study of the non-human primates and their anatomy, genetics, behaviour and ecology
Jane Goodall and Dian Fossey
these people study primates to discover how evolution has molded the human species
we examine the behaviours and traits of other species to try and understand how we got to what we are

Question 25

what is human biology—

Answer 25

subfield of biological anthropology dealing with human growth and development, adaptation to environmental extremes and human genetics

Question 26

what is human adaptation—

Answer 26

learning how people adjust physiologically to the extremes of Earth’s physical environments (how children are affected by growing up in high mountains)

Question 27

what is nutritional anthropologists—

Answer 27

studying the interrelationship of diet culture and evolution

Question 28

what is the study of human variation—

Answer 28

deals with the many ways in which people differ in their anatomy throughout the world
in earlier times, the study of physical traits such as height and skull shape and especially skin colour was tainted with the possibility of some racially biased preconceptions

Question 29

what is bicultural anthropologists—

Answer 29

research problems that require an understanding of both biological and cultural factors
one area that bicultural perspective is vital is biomedical anthropology— they study how human culture might impact the spread of infectious disease for example

Question 30

what is molecular anthropology—

Answer 30

a genetic approach to human evolutionary science that seeks understand the differences in the genome between humans and their closest relatives, the nonhuman primates

Question 31

when was the discovery of an ancient human (Neanderthal Man)

Answer 31

1856

Question 32

Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species in what year

Answer 32

1859

Question 33

why was darwins work important

Answer 33

Darwin’s work had a greater impact because it took a while for the scientists to agree that the discovery was an ancient human rather than an odd-looking modern one
Darwin’s work sparked debate about the human origins

Question 34

what is physical anthropology—

Answer 34

the study of humans as biological organisms, considered in an evolutionary framework

first established in second half of 20th century
first called “anthropology”
compared limited fossil records of humans and other primates
this field led to the others