Exam review, Australopithecines (genus) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the five australopithecine species

A
Au. anamensis
• Au. afarensis 
• Au. garhi 
• Au. africanus 
• Au. sediba
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2
Q

where are the australopithecine species found

A
In East Africa:
Au. anamensis (4.2-‐3.9 mya)
• Au. afarensis (3.6-‐3.0 mya)
• Au. garhi (2.5 mya)
In Southern Africa:
• Au. africanus (3.0-‐2.2 mya)
• Au. sediba (1.98 mya)
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3
Q

what is the date range for Au. anamensis

A

(4.2-‐3.9 mya)

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4
Q

what is the date range for Au. afarensis

A

(3.6-‐3.0 mya)

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5
Q

what is the date range for Au. garhi

A

(2.5 mya)

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6
Q

what is the date range for Au africanus

A

(3.0-‐2.2 mya)

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7
Q

what is the date range for Au. sediba

A

(1.98 mya)

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8
Q

how are the Australopithecines beloved t be related to us

A

they are our direct ancestral line

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9
Q

where was Australopithecus anamensis found

A

Kenya’s Great Rift Valley in 1994

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10
Q

what is significant about the Lake Turkana area in Kenya and from Middle Awash, Ethiopia

A

more than 80 specimens from around 20 individuals have been recovered from the Lake Turkana area in Kenya and from Middle Awash, Ethiopia

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11
Q

what is significant about Australopithecus anamensis cranial morphology

A

Molar rows are parallel, and the dental arcade is U‐shaped. Canine teeth are small
Dental enamel is thick

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12
Q

what is important about the Post-‐Cranial Morphology of Australopithecus anamensis

A

proximal tibia shows signs of excess weight bearing. The distal tibia is wide and thick
strong climbing ability
femurs were angled

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13
Q

Au. anamensis’ relationship to Ardipithecus is what

A

undetermined

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14
Q

Most researchers believe Au. anamensis is a direct ancestor of who

A

Au. afarensis

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15
Q

where was Au. afarensis found

A

a large number of individuals from sites in widely‐separated regions, from Laetoli in Tanzania, north to Hadar in Ethiopia

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16
Q

what species is lucy

A

Au. afarensis

17
Q

what is the Cranial Morphology of Au. afarensis

A

relatively low (350– 500cc)

18
Q

what are the cranial traits of Au. afarensis

A

significant facial prognathism. The zygomatic arches are large and flaring
procumbent, relatively large incisors that were larger in males. The molar rows are parallel and the dental arcade is U- shaped. A diastema is present

19
Q

what is the Post-Cranial Morphology of Au. afarensis

A

obligate bipedalism

the ilia are flared outward

20
Q

where was Australopithecus garhi found

A

Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia

21
Q

what was the cranial capacity of Australopithecus garhi

A

relatively low–~450cc

22
Q

what are the cranial morphologies of Australopithecus garhi

A

high degree of facial prognathism and a weak sagittal crest
very wide canine teeth
molars are very robust

23
Q

where were The earliest stone tools found

A

geological formation but not at the same place as the garhi skull
Bouri, Middle Awash, Ethiopia

24
Q

when did the earliest stone tools exist

25
where was Australopithecus africanus found
NW Province, South Africa
26
what species is the Taung child
Au. africanus
27
what are the traits of the Taung child
low facial prognatism dental arcade is parabolic, or V-‐ shaped canine teeth were small no diastema foramen magnum is positioned behind directly behind the mandible, like in humans premolars are oddly large
28
where was Australopithecus sediba found
idk, in a cave site in Malapa
29
what species are the Malapa hominins
Australopithecus sediba
30
what are key features about Australopithecus sediba
endocranial casts show that the two hemispheres of the brain are not symmetrical: this is a trait associated with the genus Homo smaller zygomatic arches