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From Flashcardlet > lab exam 2 > Flashcards

lab exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Mitotic phase

A

Chromosomes separate and cell divides

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1
Q

Interphase

A

Prepares for cell division and DNA is replicated

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2
Q

How long does cell division take

A

Mitosis only about 30 minutes

On average the cell cycle takes about 24 hours most of time spent in g1 where the cell grows in size, about 12 hours

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3
Q

What happens during Interpahse

A

The cell grows
Makes mew cellular components
DNA is replicated
Check points will stop cell division of there is a problem, if They don’t work properly the cell will divide when it should not.

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4
Q

What are the four phases in Mitosis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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5
Q

Mitosis prophase

A

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Tow centrioles (one centrosome) begin to move to opposite ends of cell
Microtubules form

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6
Q

Metaphase (mitosis)

A

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

The microtubules line up at the center of the cell (the equator)

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7
Q

Anaphase (mitosis)

A

Sister chromatid are pulled apart by the microtubules

Chromatids move toward the poles. Now chromatids are called chromosomes

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8
Q

Telophase (mitosis)

A

The chromosomes begin to uncondense
Nuclear membrane forms
Cell begins to divide in half

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9
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The cell divides completely forming two separate cells

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10
Q

Where does mitosis occur

A

In all body cells except for ones responsible for reproduction

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11
Q

Gametes

A

Are the cells responsible for reproduction

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12
Q

Somatic cells

A

All body cells except those responsible for reproduction

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13
Q

Sperm and eggs are

A

Gametes

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14
Q

What do gametes undergo?

A

Meiosis

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15
Q

Diploid

A

Cells that have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs, all somatic cells are diploid

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16
Q

Haploid

A

Cells that have 23 chromosomes, gametes are haploid

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17
Q

Meiosis

A

When a diploid cell divides to produce haploid reproductive cells

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18
Q

Crossing over

A

Duplicated chromosomes condense and intertwine this produces genetic variation = crossing over
Genetic material is exchanged between the homologous chromosomes

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19
Q

Prophase 1

A

Duplicated chromosomes condense and crossover this produces genetic variation
Nuclear membrane begins to break down
Two centrioles one centrosome begins to move to opposite ends of the cell
Microtubules form

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20
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Microtubules attach to the chromosomes

The microtubules line up the chromosomes at the center of the cell(the equator)

21
Q

Independent assortment

A

The chromosome arrange themselves randomly during metaphase 1 which gives genetic diversity

22
Q

Anaphase 1

A

Chromosomes in the pairs separate
This is different from mitosis here the chromosomes in a pair are separated from each other
So now 23 chromosomes are on each side

23
Q

Telophase 1

A

Nuclear membrane forms
Cells divide in half
We now have two haploid cells, which means there are 23 total chromosomes
Chromosomes are in duplicated form

24
Q

Prophase 2

A

23 chromosomes are already condensed. The nuclear membrane dissolves

25
Q

Metaphase 2

A

Chromosome line up at the equator

26
Q

Anaphase 2

A

Chromatids separate

27
Q

Telophase 2

A

Cells separate

28
Q

At the end of meiosis 2 what do we have

A

4 haploid cells each has 23 chromosome and are not in duplicated state

29
Q

What produces genetic diversity

A 
Independent assortment (random line up at equator) metaphase 1 
Crossing over (Paris of chromosomes) prophase 1
30
Q

How many sperm does one cell produce

A

4

31
Q

Centromere

A

Where Chromatids are held together

32
Q

Mitosis

A

Chromatids are separated to produce two cells each with 46 chromosomes 23 non duplicated chromosomes
These cells are diploid cells
There is no exchange of genetic material

33
Q

Meiosis 1

A

The pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated resulting in 2 cells each with 23 chromosomes in the duplicated state

34
Q

Meiosis 2

A

The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes
One original cell produces 4 haploid cells

35
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical feature of the organism

Expression of genes

36
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic makeup that determines the phenotype

DNA

37
Q

Homozygous

A

Same

38
Q

Heterozygous

A

Different alleles

39
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of the same gene

40
Q

Pathway of blood through the heat 1-6

A 
Superior and inferior Venda cava 
Right atrium 
Tricuspid AV value 
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary SL valve 
Pulmonary arteries
41
Q

Pathway 6-14

A 
Lungs 
Pulmonary veins 
Left atrium 
Mitral AV valve 
Left ventricle 
Aortic SL valve 
Aorta 
All body tissues
42
Q

Neutrophils

A

Most abundant white blood cell
Multi lobed nucleus and the cytoplasm stains clear
Tend to be the first to respond to things like cuts

43
Q

Eosinophils

A

Large white blood cells
Bi lobed nuclei and with pink staining granules in the cytoplasm
Attacks things like parasites

44
Q

Basophils

A

Large white blood cells with bi lobed nuclei and with purple standing granules in cytoplasm
Initiate immune response releases hystomene
Identify allergies

Cell looks almost completely covered but has a few clearer spots, yin and yang

45
Q

Monocytes

A

U shaped nucleus and blue cytoplasm with no granules

46
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Have round nuclei that fills almost entire cell

Specialize In Taking out cells

47
Q

Platelets

A

Are fragments of megakaryocyte. The are small purple cell fragments in the blood smear

48
Q

Most common and most uncommon blood types

A

Common O

Uncommon is AB

49
Q

Universal recipient

Universal donor

A

Recipient AB

Donor O

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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