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From Flashcardlet > A CH 23 respiratory > Flashcards

A CH 23 respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Respiration

Gas exchange between the atmosphere and lungs

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1
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A 
Gas exchange, eliminates co2 and brings in o2 
Regulates ph 
Filters inhaled air 
Produces sound 
Contains receptors for olfactory system
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2
Q

External (pulmonary) respiration

A

Respiration

Gas exchange between the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries

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3
Q

Internal (tissues) respiration

A

Respiration

Gas exchange between blood and the tissues

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4
Q

Upper respiratory

A

Nose

Pharynx

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5
Q

Lower respiratory

A 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi
Bronchial tree 
Lungs
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6
Q

Conducting portion

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
Filters, warms and moistens and conduct it into the lungs

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7
Q

Respiratory portion

A

Where gas exchange occurs
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts and sacs
Alveoli

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8
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Membrane lining the thoracic cavity

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9
Q

Visceral pleural

A

Membrane covering the lung

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10
Q

Interpleural space

A

A potential space (contains fluid)

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11
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of pleura

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12
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the interpleural space

Atelectasis

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13
Q

Type 1 alveolar cells

A

Simple squamous epithelium

Forms a continuous lining for gas exchange

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14
Q

Type II alveolar cells

A

Septal cells

Secrete alveolar fluid (surfactant) which reduces surface tension
Respiratory distress syndrome, premee babies

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15
Q

Dust cells

A

Macrophages

Phagocytosis

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16
Q

Respiratory membrane

A

1/16th the diameter of rbc

Surfactant layer
Type I alveolar cell
Epithelial basement membranes: alveolar cell basement and capillary basement membrane
Capillary endothelium

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17
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the lungs

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18
Q

Inspiration

A

Moving air into the lungs

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19
Q

Expiration

A

Moving the air out of the lungs

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20
Q

Boyles law

A

At a constant temperature the pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the size of the container
High volume = low pressure
Low volume = high pressure

21
Q

Muscles involved in quiet breathing

A

Diaphragm

External intercostals

22
Q

Strenuous inhalation

A

Sternocleidomastoid - elevates sternum
Scalenes- elevates ribs 1&2
Pectoralis minor- elevates ribs 3-5

23
Q

Pressure before inhalation

A

Atmos. Pressure - 760
Intrapleural pressure - 756
Alveolar pressure - 760

24
Q

Pressure during inhalation

A

Atmos pressure - 760
Intrapleural pressure - 754
Alveolar pressure - 758

Diaphragm moves ~ 1 cm

25
Q

Expiratory muscles

Normal expiration

A

Is a passive process. Results from relaxation of the inspiratory muscles
Low volume - high pressure

26
Q

Expiratory muscle

Forced expiration

A

Muscles that pull the rib cage down
Abdominal group
Internal intercostals

27
Q

Tidal volume

A

The amount of air that moves in with each normal inspiration
Or the amount of air that moves out with each normal expiration
Average 500 ml
(Air that moves in and out in a normal breath)

28
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

That amount of air we can forcefully inhale above tidal volume
Average 3100 ml

29
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

The amount of air we can forcefully exhale beyond the tidal volume
Average 1200 ml

30
Q

Residual volume

A

The amount of air that remains in the alveoli and air passageways following the exhalation of the expiratory reserve volume. Average 1200 ml. This volume occurs because of the volume of the airways and the alveoli which are not collapsed

31
Q

Vital capacity

A

The amount of air that is used to sustain an individual during times when ventilation needs are maximal
VC = IRV+ERV+TV

32
Q

Lung capacity

A

Sum of all volumes LC=IRV+ERV+TV+RV

Average 6000 ml

33
Q

Anatomic dead space

A

Airspace that does not participate in gas exchange

Units in mls that is approximately equal to your weight in pounds 140mls if you weigh 140lbs

34
Q

Primary bronchi

A

Bronchus - singular form

Contain incomplete cartilaginous rings

35
Q

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

A

One secondary bronchus for each lobe
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes

36
Q

Tertiary (segmental) bronchi

A

Each tertiary bronchus supplies a bronchiopulmonary segment (10/lung)

37
Q

Bronchioles

A

Contain much smooth muscle but no cartilage
Can collapse during an asthma attack
Sympathetic receptors cause dilation

38
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

Each terminal bronchiole supplies a lobule
A lobule will contain a lymphatic vessel, a venule and an arteriole along with a branch from the terminal bronchiole
Appearance of simple cuboidal epithelium

39
Q

Respiratory bronchioles

A

Branches of terminal bronchioles
These are microscopic
Simple squamous epithelium

40
Q

Alveolar ducts

A

(Atria)
Branches of the respiratory bronchioles
Lined with simple squamous epithelium

41
Q

Alveoli

A

Alveolus + singular form

Cup shaped structure lined by simple squamous epithelium

42
Q

Alveoli sacs

A

2 or more alveoli with a common opening

43
Q

Notes on respiratory passageways

A

Most of the respiratory passageway is lined by Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium
This network of branching tubes is sometimes referred to as the bronchial tree
As the branching goes on the amount of cartilage decreased and the amount of smooth muscle increases

44
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of a part of a lung pr rarely an entire lung

45
Q

Trachea

A 
Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar 
Has cilia and goblet cells 
Passageway for air 
Contains 16-20 c shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep trachea open   
12 cm long and 2.5 cm around
46
Q

Main bronchi

A

Psuedostratified ciliated columnar
Has cilia and goblet cells
Passage for air
Contain c shaped rings of cartilage to maintain patency

47
Q

Lobar bronchi and segmental bronchi

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
Has cilia and goblet cells
Passage way for air contain plates of cartilage to maintain patency

48
Q

Larger bronchioles

A

Ciliated simple columnar
Has goblet cells and cilia
Passageway for air
Contain more smooth muscle than in the bronchi

49
Q

Smaller bronchioles

A

Ciliated simple columnar
Has cilia, no goblet cells
Passageway for air
Contain more smooth muscle than in larger bronchioles

50
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

Nonciliated simple columnar
No cilia or goblet cells
Passageway for air
Contain more smooth muscle than in smaller bronchioles

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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