A CH 11 muscular system

Question 0

Length and strength

Answer 0

A muscle fiber shortens to a length just slightly greater than half of its resting length
Therefore the longer the fiber the greater it’s range of motion
Muscle strength is determined by the number of fibers it contains
Therefor the short fiber can contract just as forcefully as a long one

Question 1

Arrangement of fascicles

Answer 1

Is correlated to power and range of motion

Question 2

Parallel

Answer 2

Parallel muscles usually have a good range of motion but not much power

Question 3

Pennate

Answer 3

Muscles usually have a smaller range of motion but have good power

Question 4

Origin

Answer 4

Where the muscle is attached to the bone that remains stationary when the muscle contracts

Question 5

Insertion

Answer 5

Is where the muscle is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts

Question 6

Quadriceps

Answer 6

Rectus femoris
Vastus laterals
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

The Taylor’s muscle
Sartorius, longest muscle in the body

Question 7

Hamstrings

Answer 7

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis

Question 8

Abdominals

Answer 8

Rectus Abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse Abdominis

Question 9

Parallel arrangement of fascicles

Answer 9

Fascicles parallel to longitudinal axis of muscles, terminate at either end in flat tendons

Question 10

Pennate arrangement of fascicles

Answer 10

Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length, tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle

Question 11

Effort

Answer 11

Causes the movement.

Question 12

Fulcrum

Answer 12

A lever can move around a fixed point the fulcrum is the fixed point

Question 13

Load

Answer 13

Opposes the movement

Question 14

First class lever

Answer 14

The fulcrum is between the effort and the load
Scissors and seesaws are examples

Example is the head

Question 15

Second class lever

Answer 15

The load is between the fulcrum and the effort 
Operate like a wheelbarrow 
Produce a mechanical advantage 
Produces most force 
Uncommon in human body 
Raising the heal off the ground

Question 16

Third class lever

Answer 16

Effort between the fulcrum and the load
Operate like a pair of forceps
Produce a mechanical disadvantage because the effort is always closer to the fulcrum then the load
The elbow, biceps muscles, and bones of arm and forearm are an example
Most Common in the body

Question 17

Rectus

Answer 17

Fascicles parallel to the midline

Example: rectus abdominis

Question 18

Transverse

Answer 18

Fascicles perpendicular to midline

Example transverse abdominis

Question 19

Oblique

Answer 19

Fascicles diagonal to midline

Example external oblique

Question 20

Maximus

Answer 20

Largest

Ex gluteus Maximus

Question 21

Minimus

Answer 21

Smallest

Ex. Gluteus minimus

Question 22

Longus

Answer 22

Long

Ex. Adductor Longus

Question 23

Brevis

Answer 23

Short adductor brevis

Question 24

Latissimus

Answer 24

Widest

Latissimus Doris

Question 25

Longissimus

Answer 25

Longest

Longissimus thoracis

Question 26

Magnus

Answer 26

Large

Adductor magnus

Question 27

Major

Answer 27

Larger

Pectoralis major

Question 28

Minor

Answer 28

Smaller

Pectoralis minor

Question 29

Vastus

Answer 29

Huge

Vastus lateralis

Question 30

Deltoid

Answer 30

Triangular

Deltoid

Question 31

Trapezius

Answer 31

Trapezoid

Trapezius

Question 32

Serratus

Answer 32

Saw toothed

Ex serratus anterior

Question 33

Rhomboid

Answer 33

Diamond shaped

Ex. Rhomboid major

Question 34

Orbicularis

Answer 34

Circular

Ex. Orbicularis oculi

Question 35

Pectinate

Answer 35

Comblike

Ex. Pectineus

Question 36

Piriformis

Answer 36

Pear shaped

Ex. Piriformis

Question 37

Platys

Answer 37

Flat

Platysma

Question 38

Quadratus

Answer 38

Square, four sided

Ex. Quadratus femoris

Question 39

Gracilis

Answer 39

Slender

Ex. Gracilis

Question 40

Flexor

Answer 40

Decreases a joint angle

Ex. Flexor carpi radialis

Question 41

Extensor

Answer 41

Increases a joint angle

Ex. Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 42

Abductor

Answer 42

Moves a bone away from the midline

Ex. Abductor pollicis longus

Question 43

Adductor

Answer 43

Moves a bone closer to the midline

Ex. Adductor longus

Question 44

Levator

Answer 44

Raises or elevates a body part

Ex. Levatir scapulae

Question 45

Depressor

Answer 45

Lowers or depresses a body part

Ex. Depressor labii inferioris

Question 46

Supinator

Answer 46

Turns palms anteriorly

Ex. Supinator

Question 47

Pronator

Answer 47

Turns palms posteriorly

Ex. Pronator teres

Question 48

Sphincter

Answer 48

Decreases the size of an opening

External anal sphincter

Question 49

Tensor

Answer 49

Makes a body part rigid

Tensor fasciae latae

Question 50

Rotator

Answer 50

Rotates a bone around its longitudinal axis

Ex. Rotatore

Question 51

Biceps

Answer 51

Two origins

Ex. Bicep brachii

Question 52

Triceps

Answer 52

Three origins

Ex. Triceps brachii

Question 53

Quadriceps

Answer 53

Four origins

Ex. Quadriceps femoris

Question 54

Location

Answer 54

Structure near which a muscle is found.

Example temporalis, a muscle near the temporal bone

Question 55

Origin and insertion

Answer 55

Sites where muscle originates and inserts.

Example sternocleidomastoid, originating on the sternum and clavicle and inserting on mastoid process of temporal bone