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From Flashcardlet > A CH 6 Bone tissue > Flashcards

A CH 6 Bone tissue Flashcards

0
Q

Support

A

The skeleton serves was the structural framework for the body by supporting soft tissues and providing attachment for tendons

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1
Q

Name the functions of bone

A 
Support 
Protection 
Aid in movement 
Mineral storage 
Blood cell production 
Energy storage
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2
Q

Protection

A

Protects internal organs from injury

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3
Q

Assistance in movement

A

Most skeletal muscles attach to bones when they contract it produces movement

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4
Q

Mineral storage

A

Stores several minerals especially calcium and phosphorus which contributes to bone strength
Bone tissue contains 99% of the body’s calcium
On demand bones release mineral to the blood stream to maintain critical mineral balance and sends minerals to other parts of the body

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5
Q

Blood cell production

What is the process called

A

Red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Hematopoiesis (what this process is called)

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6
Q

Energy storage

A

Yellow bone marrow consists of adipose cells which stores triglycerides
The stores triglycerides are a potential chemical energy reserve

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7
Q

Diaphysis

A

Is the bones shaft or body,

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8
Q

Epiphysis

A

Proximal or distal ends of bones

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9
Q

Metaphyses

What happens here during growth

A

The region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.
In A growing bone it consists of an epiphyseal plate (layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the bone to grow)
When growth stops it is replace with bone and is called epiphyseal line

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10
Q

Articular cartilage

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone
Reduces friction and absorbs shock

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11
Q

Periosteum

A

A tough connective tissue and it’s associate blood supply surrounds the bone surface wherever it is not covered by articulate cartilage
Has two layers

Helps protect bone and assist on fracture repair
Serves as attachment point for ligaments and tendons

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12
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Or marrow cavity
A hollow space with yellow bone marrow and many blood vessels
Minimizes weight of bone

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13
Q

Endosteum

A

A him membrane that lines the medullary cavity

It contains a single layer of bone forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue

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14
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Developed onto osteoblasts
Unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme
Only bone cells to undergo cell division
Found along inner portion of periosteum, in the endosteum and canals that contain blood vessels

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15
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone building cells
Synthesize and secrete collagen fibers and other organic components needed to build the extra cellular matrix of bone tissue and they initiate calcification

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16
Q

Osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts get trapped in their own secretions and become osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism
Do not undergo cell division

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17
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large cells made from 50 or more monocytes and are found In the endosteum
Have lysosomes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying extra cellular matrix
Part of the normal development, growth, maintenance, and repair of bone
Help regular blood calcium levels and target cells during drug therapy used to treat osteoporosis

18
Q

Compact bone

A

Dense bone
Type of bone tissue observed at surface of the bone
Makes up bulk of the diaphysis
Provides protection and support and resists the stresses produced by weight and movement

19
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Circular plates of mineralized extra cellular matrix of increasing diameter surrounding a small network of blood vessels and nerves located in the central canal

20
Q

Lacunae

A

Between the concentric lamellae there are small spaces called lacunae which contain osteocytes

21
Q

Canaliculi

A

Radiating on all directions from lacunae
Filled with extra cellular matrix
Inside the Canaliculi are osteocytes which communicate through gap junctions
Connect lacunae to one another provides many routes for oxygen and nutrients to reach the osteocytes

22
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

The arrears between the neighboring osteons contain these
Also have lacunae with osteons and Canaliculi
These are fragments of older osteons that have been partially destroyed during growth or rebuilding

23
Q

Perforating canals

A

Where the blood vessels and nerves are

24
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

Arranged around the entire outer and inner circumference of the shaft of a long bone
Develop during initial bone formation
The outer circumferential lamellae are by the periosteum
The ones that lo the medullary cavity are the inner circumferential lamellae

25
Q

Spongy bone

A

Does not contain osteons

Always in the interior of a bond, protected by a covering compact bone

26
Q

Trabeculae

A

The lamellae arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns

27
Q

Difference between spongy bone and compact bone

A

Spongy bone is light

Has trabeculae

28
Q

Bone matrix

A

Tricalcium phosphate
Calcium carbonate
Collagen fibers

29
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Most bones are formed this way
Formation of bone within a hyaline cartilage model
Bone gradually replaces a cartilage model

Bone slowly replaces cartilage as the bone grows, the epiphysis starts to replace after most of the diaphysis is replaced

30
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A 
Flats bones (skull) 
Mandible (largest bone that does this), clavicle, facial bones, skull  
Formation of bone directly on fibrous Connective tissue
31
Q

Partial/incomplete

A

Not all the way through

32
Q

Complete

A

Bone is broken in at least 2 pieces

33
Q

Closed or simple

A

Not protruding all the way through the skin

34
Q

Displaced

A

Anatomical alignment is compromised

35
Q

Non displaced

A

Anatomical alignment is maintained

36
Q

Stress

A

Microscopic fractures
Usually on tibia
Athletes are prone to this

37
Q

Pathologic

A

Weakening caused by a disease process
Bone cancer
Osteoporosis

38
Q

Open or compound

A

Broken ends protrude through skin

39
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Occurs only in children

One side broken the other side bends

40
Q

Potts fracture

A

Fracture to the distal end of the fibula with injury to the tibial articulation

41
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone is splintered, crushed or broken into pieces

Most difficult to treat

42
Q

Impacted fracture

A

One end is driven into the other

43
Q

Colles fracture

A

Fracture to distal end of the radius where the fragment is displaced posteriorly

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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