A CH 13 The heart

Question 0

Systemic circulation

Answer 0

Heart, aorta, arteries, arterioles capillaries venules, veins, vena cava and back to the heart
High pressure system

Question 1

The heart

Answer 1

Pumps 5 liters per minute to lungs 
Pumps 5 liters per minute to body 
30 times its weight each minute 
3,600 gallons/day
Through 600,000 miles of vessels
For every pound of fat you gain 200 miles of vessels

Question 2

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Heart, pulmonary trunk , pulmonary arteries, lung capillaries, pulmonary veins and back to the heart
Low pressure system

Question 3

Patten of blood flow through the heart

Answer 3

O2 poor 
Superior and inferior vena cava 
Right atrium 
Tricuspid av valve 
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary sl valve 
Pulmonary arteries  
Lungs 
O2 rich 
Pulmonary veins 
Left atrium 
Mitral av valve 
Left ventricle 
Aortic sl vavle 
Aorta 
Rest of body tissues

Question 4

Where is the heart located

Answer 4

The heart rests on the diaphragm near the midline of the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum

Question 5

Name the vessels which supply blood to the right atrium

Answer 5

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

Question 6

Veins carry blood

Answer 6

Toward the heart

Question 7

Coronary arteries

Answer 7

Supplies little oxygenated blood to the heart
However when the heart relaxes the high pressure of blood in the aorta propels blood through the coronary arteries into capillaries and then into coronary veins

Question 8

Pericardium

Answer 8

Membrane that surrounds and protects the heart
Consists of the fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

It confines the heart to its space but also allows for movement

Question 9

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 9

Composed of tough, inelastic, dense irregular connective tissue
Prevents over stretching of heart
Provides protection
Anchors heart to mediastinum

Question 10

Serous membrane

Answer 10

Deeper
A thinner more delicate membrane that forms a double layer around the heart
Has three layers

Question 11

Parietal layer

Answer 11

Part of the serous pericardium

Fused to fibrous pericardium

Question 12

Visceral layer

Answer 12

Part of serous pericardium
Inner
Also called epicardium
When composed with areolar or adipose tissue, adheres tightly to the surface of the heart

Question 13

Pericardial fluid and cavity

Answer 13

Between the visceral and parietal layers is a lubricating fluid it reduces friction between the membranes
The space that contains the few milliliters of pericardial fluid is the cavity

Question 14

Electrocardiogram

Answer 14

P wave = electrical activity spreads across the atria
QRS wave= electrical activity travels through the ventricles
T wave= electrical activity returns to normal in ventricles

Question 15

Epicardium

Answer 15

Composed of two tissue layers
Visceral layer composed of mesothelium under that is fibroelastic
Houses major coronary and cardiac vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Question 16

Myocardium

Answer 16

Responsible for the pumping action of the heart
Composed of cardiac muscle
95% of heart wall

Question 17

Myocarditis

Answer 17

inflammation of the myocardium that usually occurs because of a viral infection

Question 18

Endocardium

Answer 18

A thin layer of endothelium overlying a thin layer of connective tissue
Provides smooth lining for the chambers of the heart
Innermost layer
Minimizes surface friction

Question 19

Auricle

Answer 19

Pouchlike structure that increases the capacity of an atrium so it can hold a greater volume
Has grooves called sulci which contain coronary blood and fat

Question 20

Coronary sulcus

Answer 20

Encircles most of the heart and marks the external boundary between the superior atria and inferior ventricles

Question 21

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 21

External boundary between right and left ventricles

Question 22

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 22

Marks external boundary between ventricles on the posterior aspect of heart

Question 23

Pectinate muscles

Answer 23

Line the remainder of the atrial wall

Question 24

Interatrial septum

Answer 24

Between the right and left atrium

Question 25

Tricuspid valve

Answer 25

Blood passes through the right atrium into the right ventricle through tis vavle

Question 26

Cusps or leaflets

Answer 26

Three folds in the tricuspid valve

Question 27

Trabeculae carneae

Answer 27

Raised bundles of cardiac muscle fibers inside the right ventricle

Question 28

Chordae tendineae

Answer 28

Tendonlike cords connected to the cusps of the tricuspid valve
Are also connecte to papillary muscles

Question 29

Interventricular septum

Answer 29

Separates the left ventricle from the right

Question 30

Aortic vavle

Answer 30

Blood passes from the left ventricle through this to the aorta

Question 31

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 31

Dense connective tissue around the heart

Question 32

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 32

Located between an atrium and a ventricle, the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are called av valves

Question 33

Semilunar valves

Answer 33

Aortic and pulmonary valves

Question 34

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 34

Delivers action potentials through out the heart
Continues to stimulate the heart even after its removed from the body
Regulates but does not determine heart beat
Autorhythmic cells act as a natural peacemaker and form this system

Ensures cardiac chambers are stimulated to contract in a coordinated manner

Question 35

Natural peacemaker of the heart

Answer 35

SA node

Sets the rhythm

Question 36

Heart sounds

Answer 36

S1 = lubb, av valves closing

S2= dupp, semilunar valve closing