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From Flashcardlet > A CH 9 Joints > Flashcards

A CH 9 Joints Flashcards

0
Q

Arthrology

A

The study of joints

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1
Q

Articulations are point of contacts between what

A

Bones
Bones and cartilage
Bones and teeth

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2
Q

Kinesiology

A

The study of motion of the human body

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3
Q

Functional classifications of joints

A

Synarthroses (immovable)
Amphiarthroses (partially movable)
Diarthroses (freely moveable)

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4
Q

Structural classification of joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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5
Q

Synovial fluid consists of?

A

Hyaluronic acid

Interstitial fluid from plasma

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6
Q

Functions of synovial fluid

A 
Lubrication 
Reduce friction between structures 
Supply nutrients 
Remove waste products 
Phagocytosis of microbes and debris
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7
Q

Movement at joints

A 
Structure and shape of bones involved 
Strength and tension of ligaments 
Arrangement and tension of muscles 
Opposing soft parts 
Hormones
Disuse
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8
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Joints are formed by a solid mass of connective tissue between the neighboring bones
This one has dense irregular connective tissue

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9
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Use cartilage as connective tissue between bones

Allows little or no movement

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10
Q

Synovial joints

A

Surrounded by a connective tissue capsule that attaches the articulating bones
Slightly moveable to the most moveable for example between carpal bones and the shoulder
Covered with a hyaline layer of articular cartilage

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11
Q

Gliding

A

Movement of relatively flat bone surfaces back and forth and side to side over one another
Little change of angle between bones
Carpals

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12
Q

Angular

A

Increase or decrease in angle between bones

Flexion, extension, hyperextension, and lateral Flexion

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13
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease on angle between articulating bones, usually in the sagittal plane.
Holding your leg straight out, moving your head forward, flexing your arm, moving hands up

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14
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Movement of trunk in frontal plane

Moving head left or right towards the ground

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15
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle between articulating bones usually in sagittal plane
Head upright facing forward, hand and wrist flat, knee bent, leg when standing up

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16
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical position

Putting head back, holding arm behind you, holding leg out behind you

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17
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of bone away from midline usually in frontal plane
Holding shoulder and arm out to the side, spreading fingers apart
(Shoulder joint, hip joint, wrist joint, metacarpals)

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18
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of bone toward midline usually in frontal plane

Arms at side, moving wrist toward body, putting fingers together

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19
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion, abduction, adduction, extension, and rotation in succession or opposite order
Distal end of body part moves in circle swinging arm or leg around. Shoulder join. Hip joint

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20
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of bone around longitudinal axis, in limbs, may be medial, or lateral.
Hop joint, turn out, moving head back and forth, yes or no,

21
Q

Special

A

Occurs at specific joints

22
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement of body part

23
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement of body part

24
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement of body part in transverse plane

25
Q

Retraction.

A

Posterior movement of body part in transverse plane

26
Q

Inversion

A

Medial movement of sole

27
Q

Eversion

A

Lateral movement of sole

28
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending foot in direction of dorsum (superior surface)

29
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

Bending foot in direction of plantar surface (sole)

30
Q

Supination

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm anteriorly

31
Q

Pronation

A

Movement of forearm that turns palm posteriorly

32
Q

Opposition

A

Movement of thumb across Palm to touch fingertips on same hand

33
Q

Suture

Structural classification

A

Articulating bones united by a thin layer of dense irregular connective tissue,
Found between skull bones, with age some will be replaced by synostosis

34
Q

Suture

Functional classification

A

Synarthosis (immovable) and amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
Coronal suture

35
Q

Syndesmosis

Structural classification

A

Articulating bones united by more dense irregular connective tissue
Usually a ligament

36
Q

Syndesmosis

Functional classification

A

Amphiarthrosis- slightly moveable

Distal tibiofibular joint

37
Q

Interosseous membrane

Structural classification

A

Fibrous

Articulating bones united by substantial sheet of dense irregular tissue

38
Q

Interosseous membrane

Functional classification

A

Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable

Between tibia and fibula

39
Q

Fibrous

A

No synovial cavity, articulating Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

Suture, syndesmosis, Interosseous membrane

40
Q

Cartilaginous

A

No synovial cavity
Articulating bones united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Synchondrosis, symphysis

41
Q

Synchondrosis

Structural

A

Connecting material

Hyaline cartilage, becomes synostosis when bone elongation ceases

42
Q

Synchondrosis

Functional classification

A

Synarthrosis immovable

Epiphyseal plate between diaphysis and epiphysis if long bone

43
Q

Symphysis

Structural

A

Connecting material

Broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage

44
Q

Symphysis

Functional classification

A

Amphiarthrosis slightly moveable

Pubic symphysis and intervertebral disks

45
Q

Synovial

A

Characterized by synovial cavity, articular cartilage, and articular joint capsule
May contain accessory ligaments, articular discs and bursae

46
Q

Plane

A

Synovial
Sc: articulated surfaces flat or slightly curved
FC: many biaxial diarthroses (freely moveable) back and forth, side to side movements
Some triaxial diarthroses back and forth, side to side rotation
Intercarpal, intertarsal, sternocostal and vertebrocostal

47
Q

Hinge

A

Synovial
Sc: convex surface fits into concave surface
FC: uniaxial diarthrosis, Flexion extension
Knee modified hinge, elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints

48
Q

Pivot

A

Synovial
Sc: rounded or pointed surface fits into ring formed partly by bone and partly by ligament
FC: uniaxial diarthrosis
Atlanto axial and radioulnar joints

49
Q

Condyloid

A

Synovial
Sc: oval shaped projection fits into oval shaped depression
FC: biaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, abduction adduction
Radiocarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints

50
Q

Saddle

A

Synovial
Sc: articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped articular surface of other bone sits in saddle
FC: biaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, adduction abduction
Carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and metacarpal of thumb

51
Q

Ball and socket

A

Synovial
Sc: ball like surface fits into cup like depression
FC: triaxial diarthrosis Flexion extension, abduction adduction, rotation
Shoulder and hip joints

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