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From Flashcardlet > A CH 26 reproductive system > Flashcards

A CH 26 reproductive system Flashcards

0
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

Sperm and ova

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1
Q

Gonads

A

Testes and ovaries

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2
Q

Ducts

A

Transport and store gametes

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3
Q

Accessory sex glands

A

Produce material that support and protect gametes

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4
Q

Supporting structures

A

Facilitate delivery and joining of gametes

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5
Q

Male and female organs

Homologous structures

A

Ovaries - Testes
Ovum - Sperm cell
Labia majora - Scrotum
Labia minora - Spongy urethra
Vestibule - Membranous urethra
Bulb of vestibule - Corpus spongiosum penis and bulb of penis
Clitoris - Glans penis and corpora cavernosa
Paraurethral glands - Prostate
Greater vestibular glands - Bulbourethral glands

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6
Q

Scrotum

A

Sac that encloses and supports the testes

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7
Q

Raphe

A

The ridge that separates the testes

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8
Q

Scrotal septum

A

Divides the scrotum in two sacs

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9
Q

Dartos muscles

A

Makes up the septum
Subcutaneous layer
Bundles of smooth muscle fibers
Responds to cold external temperatures and sexual arousal

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10
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Small bands of skeletal muscle
Extension of internal oblique muscle
Goes through spermatic cord and surrounds the testes
Responds to cold external temperatures and sexual arousal

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11
Q

Spermatic cord consists of?

A

Cremaster muscle
Vas deferens
Artery and vein

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12
Q

Sperm production

A

Temperature sensitive
3 degrees below normal body temperature
Dartos and cremaster muscles

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13
Q

Testes

Lobules

A

200-300 lobules a testicle

Contain seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Protect and nourish developing sperm cells

From seminiferous tubules

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15
Q

Leydig cells

A

Also known as interstitial endocrinocytes

Secrete testosterone

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16
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Process of spermatogonia developing into mature sperm
Spermatid develops a head and tail
Acrosome contain enzymes
300 million produced a day
Survive 48 hours or up to five days in a female

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17
Q

Sperm is developed through?

A

Meiosis

Chromosome # halves to 23

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18
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Creation of gametes
Location of meiosis
Straight tubules lead to a netwok of ducts in the testes called rete testes

19
Q

Efferent ducts

A

From the rete testes sperm move into a series if coiled efferent ducts in the epididymis

20
Q

Epididymis

A

About 20 feet long
Where sperm mature about 12 days
Stored up to a month

21
Q

Vas deferens

A

Stores sperm
May remain for several months
Place of vasectomy

22
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A

2 cm long
Formed by seminal vesicle and ampulla
Eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretionsm

23
Q

Urethra

A

Shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary systems
Passageway for semen and urine

24
Q

3 parts of urethra

A

Prostatic urethra - passes through prostate
Membranous urethra - about 1 cm long
Spongy urethra - passes through corpus spongiosum 15-20 cm long

25
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Posterior part of bladder
2 inches long
Secrete alkaline fluid
Combine with ampulla of vas deferens to form the ejaculatory ducts

26
Q

Alkaline fluid

A

60-70% of semen
As fructose
Prostaglandins

27
Q

Prostate

A

Secretes milky fluid

20-30% of semen

28
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Similar prevalence as breast cancer in women
PSA test - finger inside anus
Digital exam

BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia - flomax
Helps widen prostatic urethra

29
Q

Cowper’s gland

A

Aka bulbourethral gland
Pea sized
Secretes clear alkaline substance that neutralizes acids from urine in urethra and protects sperm for acid in vagina
Precum

30
Q

Semen

A 
1% from seminiferous tubules 
70% seminal vesicles 
30% prostate 
2.5-5 ml 
About 50-150 million sperm/ml 
Less than 20 million sperm is sterile 
2-5 days in female tract
31
Q

Penis

A

Passageway for delivery

Ejactulation of semen and excretion of urine

32
Q

Erectile tissue

A

Sinuses fill with blood during arousal
2 corpora cavernosa
1 corpus spongiosum which contains urethra

33
Q

What produces sperm?
Where do they mature?
What produces seminal fluid?

A

Seminiferous tubules

Epididymis

Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, cowpers gland

34
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce eggs, progesterone and estrogen

We cycle with the production of these hormones

35
Q

Oogenesis

A 
Begins before birth 
Meiosis starts during fetal development 
About 200,000-2 million oogonia and 1 oocytes per ovary 
Only 40,000 remain at puberty
Ovulate about 400 a lifetime
36
Q

Fallopian tubes

A 
Aka uterine tubes or oviducts 
Transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ova to uterus 
4 inches long 
Ciliated columnar epithelium 
Inner circular and outer longitudinal 
Serosa, covering
37
Q

Ampulla

A

Widest/longest portion of uterine tube

Makes up lateral 2/3 of length

38
Q

Infundibulum

A

Funnel shaped portion of each uterine tube

39
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fringe of fingerlike projections attached to the infundibulum

40
Q

Uterus

A

Site of menstrustion, implantation, and fetal development

Contains the cervix

41
Q

Three layers of the uterus

A

Epimetrium- visceral peritoneum
Myometrium
Endometrium - stratum basil which is always there stratum functionalis which sleuths off during menstrustion

42
Q

Where does fertilization occur

A

Uterine tubes/fallopian tubes

43
Q

Vagina

A

Outlet for menstrual flow
Receives the penis during intercourse
Passage for childbirth
Extends from introitus to cervix
Rugae wrinkled when unexcited
Extends and elongates during intercourse
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

Vulva / pudendum

A

Mons pubis
Labia minora and majora
Clitoris - sexual pleasure only
Vestibule- hymen, vaginal orifice-introitus, external urethral oriface

45
Q

Mammary glands / breasts

A

Secondary sex characteristic
Areola, nipple
Lobules: contain alveoli, mammary ducts, lactiferous ducts
Suspensory ligament which support the breasts

From Flashcardlet (22 decks)

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