A CH 2 Cells

Question 0

What are the major parts of the cell

Answer 0

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Inclusions

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

The basic living, structural, functional units of the body

The human body has about 100 trillion cells 200 different cell types with a variety of shape, sizes and function

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

Fluid mosaic lipid bilayer (phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids) studded with proteins
It surrounds the cytoplasm

Protects cellular components, makes contact with other cells, contains channels, transporters, receptors, enzymes, cell identity markers, linker proteins

Mediates the entry and exit of substances

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Cellular contents between the plasma membrane and nucleus
Site of all intracellular activities except those occurring in the nucleus

Made up of cytosol, organelles and inclusions

Liquid part and organelles except the nucleus

Question 4

Cytosol

Answer 4

Contains Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Fluid in which many of the metabolic reactions occur
Cytoskeleton maintains shape and general organization of cellular components
Responsible for cellular movement

It is part of the cytoplasm

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Largest organelle
Contains DNA Nuclear envelope (double membrane) Nuclear pores Nucleolus

Nuclear pores control the movement of substances between the nucleus and cytoplasm, nucleoli produce ribosomes

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Not membrane bound
Synthesize in the nucleolus
Made up of ribosomal RNA and proteins

Functions if protein synthesis (translation)

There are free ribosomes(cellular proteins in cytosol) and er bound ribosomes ( membrane or secreted proteins)

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Membranous network of flattened sacs or tubules
Extends from Nuclear envelope
Provides a surface for chemical reactions

Rough er: synthesizes glycoproteins and phospholipids that’s are transferred to cellular organelle, inserted in plasma membrane or secreted during exocytosis
Smooth er: synthesizes lipids and steroids, detoxifies or inactivates drugs, stores and release calcium ions in muscle cells

Question 8

Golgi complex

Answer 8

Discovered by Camillo Golgi
Packaging, modification and transport of protein and lipids from er
Creates secondary vesicles and lysosomes

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Created by the golgi
Contain digestive enzymes (hydrolytic enzymes)
High acid low ph inside
Digests worn out organelles

Question 10

Mitochondria

Answer 10

The power house of the cell
Makes energy ATP 
Double membrane with enzymes on the inner one 
Cellular respiration 
They are self replicating 
Have their own DNA in circular form 
They are similar to prokaryotic cells 
We get them from our mother 
Has inner folding a called Cristae to increase surface area for cellular respiration 
Plays a role in apoptosis

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

Question 12

Microfilaments

Answer 12

Concentrated near the plasma membrane
Composed of myosin and actin
Functions are movement and mechanical support

Question 13

Intermediate filaments

Answer 13

Size is in between Microfilaments and microtubules
Anchor organelles and anchor cells to one another
Found in parts of cells subject to mechanical stress
Exceptionally strong

Question 14

Microtubules

Answer 14

Largest of cytoskeleton components
They are long unbranched hollow tubes composed mainly of the protein tubulin
Play a role in cell division
Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 15

Membrane lipids

Answer 15

Phospholipids make up 75% (lipid bilayer)
glycolipids- 5% (self recognition)
Cholesterol- 20% (maintains fluidity and integrity)

Question 16

Centrosome and centrioles

Answer 16

Centrosome - located near the nucleus, consists of two components a pair of centriole and pericentriolar material

Centrioles - are cylinder structure each composed of nine clusters of three microtubules arranged in a circular pattern

Question 17

Net diffusion

Answer 17

Passive transport

Movement of molecules from high to low

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion.

Answer 18

Movement of molecules from high to low
Transport molecule is uses
Passive transport

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

Movement of solvent (water) from high to low

Passive transport

Question 20

Filtration

Answer 20

Mechanical/hydrostatic pressure

Passive transport

Question 21

Primary active transport

Answer 21

Molecule mover hydrolyzes ATP

Low to high

Question 22

Secondary active transport

Answer 22

Molecule mover does not hydrolyze ATP

Uses gradient created by primary active transport

Question 23

Vesicular transport

Answer 23

Uses vesicles
Endocytosis (phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and receptor mediated endocytosis)
Exocytosis

Question 24

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 24

Only with things in really small concentration around cells

Example is bad cholesterol

Question 25

Functions of the cell membrane

Answer 25

Communication
Shape and protection
Maintains electrochemical gradient (electrical separation of charge, chemical (concentration gradient))
Selectively permeable