A CH 12 Blood

Question 0

Transportation

Answer 0

Blood gases
Nutrients and wastes
Hormones

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Transportation
Regulation
Protection

Question 2

Regulation

Answer 2

Ph
Body temperature
Osmotic pressure

Question 3

Protection

Answer 3

Clotting
Phagocytic wbcs
Plasma proteins

Question 4

Characteristic of blood

Answer 4

Ph 7.35-7.45

8% of body weight
5-6 liters or 1.5 gallons in males
4-5 liters or 1.2 gallons in females

Blood volume, ph and osmolarity very constant (tightly regulated)

Question 5

Blood formation

Answer 5

Hemopoiesis aka hematopoiesis

Growth factors: erythropoietin, thrombopoietin(makes platelets), colony stimulating factors(makes wbc)

Question 6

Hemoglobin

Answer 6

33% of red blood cells weight is hemoglobin

Surface area/volume Diffusion rates

Question 7

Red blood cells

Answer 7

Concave disks which have a very large surface area to volume ratio
No nucleus or organelles
Contains hemoglobin which binds o2, co2, and h+
Life span 120 days

Question 8

Anemia

Answer 8

Iron deficiency 
Protein or amino acid deficiency 
Vitamin b12 deficiency: called pernicious anemia, intrinsic factor 
Inherited anemia eg. Sickle cell 
Altitude

Question 9

Hematocrit

Answer 9

Percent of rbc in blood
Normal range: 38-46 in females, 40-54 in males
Effect of altitude
65 or higher is polycythemia= high risk of stroke, dehydration can cause this

Question 10

Blood is divided into?

Answer 10

Plasma 55%

Formed elements 45%

Question 11

Plasma

Answer 11

7% proteins

91. 5% water
92. 5% other solutes

Question 12

Proteins of plasma is composed of

Answer 12

Albumins 54%
Globulins 38%
Fibrinogen 7%
All others 1%

Question 13

Other solutes in plasma

Answer 13

Electrolytes 
Nutrients 
Gases  
Regulatory substances 
Waste products

Question 14

Formed elements

Answer 14

45%

Platelets 
150,000-400,000 per ul (microliter) 
White blood cells 
5000-10,000 per ul
Red blood cells 
4.8-5.4 million cells

Question 15

White blood cells

Answer 15

60-70% neutrophils 
20-25% lymphocytes 
3-8% monocytes 
2-4% eosinophils 
0.5-1.0% basophils

Question 16

Glandular leukocytes

Answer 16

Eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil

Question 17

Agranular

Answer 17

Monocyte, t lymphocyte, b lymphocyte, natural killer cell

Question 18

Reticulocyte

Answer 18

What becomes a erythrocyte (red blood cell)

Question 19

What becomes a platelet

Answer 19

Megakaryocytes

Question 20

Erythrocytes

Answer 20

Red blood cells
4.8 million/ul in females
5.4 million/ul in males
7-8 um in diameter, biconcave discs, without nuclei, live for about 120 days
Functions: hemoglobin within RBCs transports most of the oxygen and part of the carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 21

Neutrophil

Answer 21

Granular leukocyte
60-70% of all wbcs
10-12 um diameter, nucleus has 2-5 lobes connected by thin strands of chromatin
Cytoplasm has very fine, pale lilac granules
Functions: phagocytosis, destruction of bacteria with lysozyme

Question 22

Eosinophils

Answer 22

2-4% of all wbcs
10-12 um diameter, nucleus usually has 2 lobes connected by a thick strand of chromatin; large red orange granules fill the cytoplasm
Function: combat the effects of histamine in allergic reactions, phagocytize antigen antibody complexes and destroy certain parasitic worms

Question 23

Basophil

Answer 23

0.5-1% of all rbcs
8-10 um diameter; nucleus with 2lobes, large cytoplasmic granules appear deep blue purple
Function: liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions that intensify the overall inflammatory response

Question 24

Lymphocytes

Answer 24

T cells, b cells and natural killer cells
20-35% of all wbcs
Small 6-9 um in diameter, large 10-14 um in diameter
Round or slightly indented nucleus, cytoplasm forms a rim around the nucleus that looks sky blue
The larger the cell the more cytoplasm is visible
Function: mediate immune responses including antigen antibody reactions

Question 25

B cells

Answer 25

Develop into plasma cells which secrete antibodies

Question 26

T cells

Answer 26

Attack invading viruses, cancer cells and transplanted tissue cells

Question 27

Natural killer cells

Answer 27

Attack a wide variety of infectious microbes and certain spontaneously arising tumor cells

Question 28

Monocytes

Answer 28

3-8% of all wbcs
12-20 um diamete
Kidney shaped or horseshoe shaped nucleus, blue gray cytoplasm with foamy appearance
Function: phagocytosis, after transforming into fixed or wandering macrophages

Question 29

Platelets

Answer 29

Aka thrombocytes
150,000-400,000 per ul
2-4 um diameter cell fragments that live for 5-9 days, contain many granules but not nucleus
Function: for, platelet plug in hemostasis, release chemicals that promote vascular spasm and blood clotting