Lab 7 Lymphatic Flashcards
what are antigens/agglutinogen
proteins that antibodies bind to on the surface of the cell. An individual’s blood type is determined by their presence of absence. stimulate the production of an agglutinin/antibody
what is agglutination
occurs when antibodies in the recipients immune system interact w/ donor erythrocytes
-These antigens that the host doesn’t know causes agglutination so they’re called agglutinogens
what are agglutinins/antibodies
unique to ABO blood groups, the presence of preformed IgM class antibodies
they act against RBC’s carrying antigens that aren’t already present in their own blood.
new borns gradually develop these
what kind of antibodies are agglutinins
IgM
agglutination is all about…
how the hosts agglutinins react to the donor agglutinogens (antigens)
if there’s an antigen that the host doesn’t already have, agglutination will occur
How much of population has D antigen (Rh +)
85%
are Rh antibodies preformed?
no, they only make small IgG class antibodies when they’re exposed to positive blood. This is a major cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn
what is an antiserum solution
contains antibodies. Blood antigens will react with the antibodies causing agglutination
what is a transfusion reaction
when host antibodies bind to donor antigens (agglutination occurs) systemic immune response. Can block bv leading to renal failure, shock & tissue death
what is a homologous transfusion
collect & infuse blood from a donor
what is an autologous transfusion
collect blood form pt. put back into same pt.
what is the ideal transfusion
same blood type
what happens if you give Rh + blood to Rh-
it;ll trigger D antibody production (cause a delayed transfusion reaction)
its okay to give - to positive tho
what is the golden rule of blood donation
don’t get donor blood with any antigens that the host doesn’t already have. If the donor has it but the host doesn’t = agglutination
if the host has it but the donor doesn’t = all good
when does hemolytic disease of the newborn occur
when Rh- mom has Rh+ babe
problem occurs during blood mixing like abortion, miscarriage, fall or invasive test
baby will become sick if any of the IgM antibodies cross the placenta
What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system
1) remove intersistial fluid from tissues
2) absorb & transports fatty cids & fats
3) transport WBC to & from lymph nodes
Where are the palatine tonsils
back of throat (2) either side of orthopharynx
where are the lingual tonsils
2 under the tongue
where are the pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils
(1) highest on back wall of nasopharynx
what are the functions of the spleen
removes & stores old RBC
removes abnormal cells - produces & stores WBC
removes pathogens
what is in the red pulp of the spleen
macrophages &; RBC
what is in the white pulp of the spleen
T & B cells
what is the thymus & where is it
Mediastinum. T cells mature here influenced by thymosin
what tissue are lymph nodes
reticular CT
what do lymph nodes do
filter lymph
how does lymph circulate through the node
enters through afferent vessel, cortical sinus, sinus of medulla & the efferent vessel
what is cisterna chyli
end of thoracic duct, collects fatty lymph from small intestine
what is MALT
Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands
why is the lymph nodes a prime spot for cancer metastasis
cancer cells are swept up and get caught in reticular fibres & become established
what does the R lymph duct do
drains R arm, R head, R upper torso
what does the Thoracic duct drain
everywhere else
where do the 2 lymph ducts drain into
subclavian & internal jugular veins
where do T & B cells come from
bone marrow
explain both passive & active naturally acquired immunity
Passive: antigens from mother to fetus via breast milk
active: antigens enter the body naturally & body responds
explain both passive & active artificially acquired immunity
Active: antigens are introduced by vaccines into body
passive: preformed antibodies are put into body
