Lab 7 Lymphatic

Question 1

what are antigens/agglutinogen

Answer 1

proteins that antibodies bind to on the surface of the cell. An individual’s blood type is determined by their presence of absence. stimulate the production of an agglutinin/antibody

Question 2

what is agglutination

Answer 2

occurs when antibodies in the recipients immune system interact w/ donor erythrocytes
-These antigens that the host doesn’t know causes agglutination so they’re called agglutinogens

Question 3

what are agglutinins/antibodies

Answer 3

unique to ABO blood groups, the presence of preformed IgM class antibodies
they act against RBC’s carrying antigens that aren’t already present in their own blood.
new borns gradually develop these

Question 4

what kind of antibodies are agglutinins

Answer 4

IgM

Question 5

agglutination is all about…

Answer 5

how the hosts agglutinins react to the donor agglutinogens (antigens)
if there’s an antigen that the host doesn’t already have, agglutination will occur

Question 6

How much of population has D antigen (Rh +)

Answer 6

85%

Question 7

are Rh antibodies preformed?

Answer 7

no, they only make small IgG class antibodies when they’re exposed to positive blood. This is a major cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 8

what is an antiserum solution

Answer 8

contains antibodies. Blood antigens will react with the antibodies causing agglutination

Question 9

what is a transfusion reaction

Answer 9

when host antibodies bind to donor antigens (agglutination occurs) systemic immune response. Can block bv leading to renal failure, shock & tissue death

Question 10

what is a homologous transfusion

Answer 10

collect & infuse blood from a donor

Question 11

what is an autologous transfusion

Answer 11

collect blood form pt. put back into same pt.

Question 12

what is the ideal transfusion

Answer 12

same blood type

Question 13

what happens if you give Rh + blood to Rh-

Answer 13

it;ll trigger D antibody production (cause a delayed transfusion reaction)
its okay to give - to positive tho

Question 14

what is the golden rule of blood donation

Answer 14

don’t get donor blood with any antigens that the host doesn’t already have. If the donor has it but the host doesn’t = agglutination
if the host has it but the donor doesn’t = all good

Question 15

when does hemolytic disease of the newborn occur

Answer 15

when Rh- mom has Rh+ babe
problem occurs during blood mixing like abortion, miscarriage, fall or invasive test
baby will become sick if any of the IgM antibodies cross the placenta

Question 16

What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 16

1) remove intersistial fluid from tissues
2) absorb & transports fatty cids & fats
3) transport WBC to & from lymph nodes

Question 17

Where are the palatine tonsils

Answer 17

back of throat (2) either side of orthopharynx

Question 18

where are the lingual tonsils

Answer 18

2 under the tongue

Question 19

where are the pharyngeal/adenoid tonsils

Answer 19

(1) highest on back wall of nasopharynx

Question 20

what are the functions of the spleen

Answer 20

removes & stores old RBC
removes abnormal cells - produces & stores WBC
removes pathogens

Question 21

what is in the red pulp of the spleen

Answer 21

macrophages &; RBC

Question 22

what is in the white pulp of the spleen

Answer 22

T & B cells

Question 23

what is the thymus & where is it

Answer 23

Mediastinum. T cells mature here influenced by thymosin

Question 24

what tissue are lymph nodes

Answer 24

reticular CT

Question 25

what do lymph nodes do

Answer 25

filter lymph

Question 26

how does lymph circulate through the node

Answer 26

enters through afferent vessel, cortical sinus, sinus of medulla & the efferent vessel

Question 27

what is cisterna chyli

Answer 27

end of thoracic duct, collects fatty lymph from small intestine

Question 28

what is MALT

Answer 28

Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue
a diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various submucosal membrane sites of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract, oral passage, nasopharyngeal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands

Question 29

why is the lymph nodes a prime spot for cancer metastasis

Answer 29

cancer cells are swept up and get caught in reticular fibres & become established

Question 30

what does the R lymph duct do

Answer 30

drains R arm, R head, R upper torso

Question 31

what does the Thoracic duct drain

Answer 31

everywhere else

Question 32

where do the 2 lymph ducts drain into

Answer 32

subclavian & internal jugular veins

Question 33

where do T & B cells come from

Answer 33

bone marrow

Question 34

explain both passive & active naturally acquired immunity

Answer 34

Passive: antigens from mother to fetus via breast milk
active: antigens enter the body naturally & body responds

Question 35

explain both passive & active artificially acquired immunity

Answer 35

Active: antigens are introduced by vaccines into body
passive: preformed antibodies are put into body