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BIO 153 final (Lab Exam + Lecture) > Lab 10 Urinary > Flashcards

Lab 10 Urinary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Kidneys function

A

regulate H20, salt & ph levels of blood
conserve nutrients, excrete waste
produce renin & EPO
activate vit D

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2
Q

tissue of bladder

A

traditional epithelium

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3
Q

where are the kidneys located

A

lateral T12 & L3

retroperitoneal: lie outside of peritoneum of abdominal cavity

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of CT the protect kidney from deep to superficial

A

1) Renal capsule
2) Adipose capsule
3) Renal fascia

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5
Q

what is renal capsule

A

collagen on outer surface of kidney

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6
Q

what is adipose capsule

A

thick layer of adipose tissue surrounding renal capsule

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7
Q

what is renal fascia

A

bands of collagen that anchor kidneys to muscles of body wall

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8
Q

what is the renal hillium

A

point where BV’s enter kidneys

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9
Q

where is renal medulla

A

deep to the cortex (middle)

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10
Q

what is in the medullary pyramids

A

nephrons

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11
Q

what is in the medullary column

A

blood vessels, interloper arteries & veins

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12
Q

what does the minor calyx do

A

drains urine into major calyx

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13
Q

what does major calyx do

A

drains urine into renal pelvis

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14
Q

what is a nephron

A

the structural unit of a kidney

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15
Q

what does the glomerular/bowman capsule do

A

receives filtrate

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16
Q

what does the proximal convoluted tubule do

A

secretion & reabsorption of sodium, h20 & toxins

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17
Q

what does the nephron loop do

A

medullary osmoticc gradient - filter & dilute filtrate

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18
Q

what does the distal convoluted tubule do

A

reabsorption & secretion & dumps into collecting duct

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19
Q

what does the collecting duct do

A

concentrates & collects urine

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20
Q

what are peritubular capiliaries

A

they run along side the nephron & for reabsorption & secretion

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21
Q

what is in the renal cortex

A

bowmans capsules & proximal & distal tubules

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22
Q

what is in the renal medulla

A

nephron loop & collecting ducts

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23
Q

what is the visceral epithelium

A

the podocytes the form a filtration membrane

24
Q

the capsular space is…

A

filled with filtrate

25
Q

The renal tubules are made of…

A

simple cuboidal

26
Q

what amount of cardiac output does the kidney receive

A

20-25%

27
Q

list the circulation of the kidney

A

1) Renal artery (enters helium)
2) segmental/lobar arteries
3) interloper arteries (right beside minor calyx)
4) arcuate artery (circular around the medulla)
5) cortical radiate arteries (in cortex)
6) Afferent article (blood delivered to nephron)
7) enters glomerulus = knot of fenestrated capillaries
8) water & dissolved solutes move into glomerular capsule b/c of bp
9) blood that isn’t filtered leaves via efferent artieroles
10) efferent arterioles trance to form peritubular capilieaes & vasa recta where exchange of materials occurs
11) Blood collects into cortical radiate veins
12) then arcuate veins, the interloper veins, lobar veins & renal vein

28
Q

how much blood do the kidneys filter dailey

A

150-180L

29
Q

when is water returned to blood

A

along nephron tubules, proximal & distal tubules, collecting duct

30
Q

what is urine …

A

contains waste & surplus materials . It’s a reflection of blood & interstitial fluid status

31
Q

what can affect color, density & specific gravity of urine

A

food, vitamins, hydration, disease

32
Q

what is specific gravity

A

relative weight of fluid compared to water.

1.002-1.030

33
Q

urine contains:

A

Water, Urea, Creatinine, uric acid, Na+, K+, phosphate, calcium magnesium, bicarbonate
ph depends on diet

34
Q

milk urine means

A

WBC, bacteria or fat

35
Q

red/amber urine means

A

urobillinogen- can indicate liver disease, addisons or more

36
Q

brown yellow or green urine means

A

maybe bile pigment

37
Q

red/smoky brown urine means

A

maybe blood

38
Q

turbidity: cloudy urine means

A

phosphates, rates, WBC, bacteria, epithelial cells or fats

39
Q

if urine has glucose:

A

excessive carb intake or diabetes

40
Q

if urine has albumin

A

increased permeability of glomerular mem., kidney trauma, ingestion of heavy metal, toxins, glomerulonephritis, hypertension

41
Q

if urine has ketone bodies

A

starvation or acidosis

42
Q

if urine has nitrites

A

UTI or bacterial contamination

43
Q

if bacteria had protein

A

glomerular damage, inflammation, physical stress, strenuous exercise

44
Q

if urine has RBC

A

imitation of organs by calculi or trauma

45
Q

if hemoglobin is in urine

A

hemolysis of RBC (hemolytic anemia, transfusion rxn., burns, renal disease)

46
Q

if urine has bile pigments

A

liver pathology (hepatitis or cirrhosis)

47
Q

if urine has WBC

A

inflammation due to bacterial infection

48
Q

if urine has casts

A

pathological condition due to pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis or other renal damage

49
Q

what is glycosuria

A

sugar in urine (diabetes)

50
Q

what is albuminuria

A

albumin in urine (kidney disease)

51
Q

what is renal calculi

A

kidney stones (stress, diet)

52
Q

what is ketonuria

A

ketone bodies in urine (starvation, diabetes)

53
Q

what is hematuria

A

blood (kidney, bladder cancer)

54
Q

what is pyuria

A

pus in urine (bacterial infection )

55
Q

what is pyelonephritis

A

inflamed kidneys (kidney infection)

56
Q

what is glomerulonephritis

A

acute inflammation of kidneys (glomeruli injury, including lupus, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Wegener’s disease, and polyarteritis nodosa)

BIO 153 final (Lab Exam + Lecture) (13 decks)

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