Lab 10 Urinary Flashcards
Kidneys function
regulate H20, salt & ph levels of blood
conserve nutrients, excrete waste
produce renin & EPO
activate vit D
tissue of bladder
traditional epithelium
where are the kidneys located
lateral T12 & L3
retroperitoneal: lie outside of peritoneum of abdominal cavity
what are the 3 layers of CT the protect kidney from deep to superficial
1) Renal capsule
2) Adipose capsule
3) Renal fascia
what is renal capsule
collagen on outer surface of kidney
what is adipose capsule
thick layer of adipose tissue surrounding renal capsule
what is renal fascia
bands of collagen that anchor kidneys to muscles of body wall
what is the renal hillium
point where BV’s enter kidneys
where is renal medulla
deep to the cortex (middle)
what is in the medullary pyramids
nephrons
what is in the medullary column
blood vessels, interloper arteries & veins
what does the minor calyx do
drains urine into major calyx
what does major calyx do
drains urine into renal pelvis
what is a nephron
the structural unit of a kidney
what does the glomerular/bowman capsule do
receives filtrate
what does the proximal convoluted tubule do
secretion & reabsorption of sodium, h20 & toxins
what does the nephron loop do
medullary osmoticc gradient - filter & dilute filtrate
what does the distal convoluted tubule do
reabsorption & secretion & dumps into collecting duct
what does the collecting duct do
concentrates & collects urine
what are peritubular capiliaries
they run along side the nephron & for reabsorption & secretion
what is in the renal cortex
bowmans capsules & proximal & distal tubules
what is in the renal medulla
nephron loop & collecting ducts
what is the visceral epithelium
the podocytes the form a filtration membrane
the capsular space is…
filled with filtrate
The renal tubules are made of…
simple cuboidal
what amount of cardiac output does the kidney receive
20-25%
list the circulation of the kidney
1) Renal artery (enters helium)
2) segmental/lobar arteries
3) interloper arteries (right beside minor calyx)
4) arcuate artery (circular around the medulla)
5) cortical radiate arteries (in cortex)
6) Afferent article (blood delivered to nephron)
7) enters glomerulus = knot of fenestrated capillaries
8) water & dissolved solutes move into glomerular capsule b/c of bp
9) blood that isn’t filtered leaves via efferent artieroles
10) efferent arterioles trance to form peritubular capilieaes & vasa recta where exchange of materials occurs
11) Blood collects into cortical radiate veins
12) then arcuate veins, the interloper veins, lobar veins & renal vein
how much blood do the kidneys filter dailey
150-180L
when is water returned to blood
along nephron tubules, proximal & distal tubules, collecting duct
what is urine …
contains waste & surplus materials . It’s a reflection of blood & interstitial fluid status
what can affect color, density & specific gravity of urine
food, vitamins, hydration, disease
what is specific gravity
relative weight of fluid compared to water.
1.002-1.030
urine contains:
Water, Urea, Creatinine, uric acid, Na+, K+, phosphate, calcium magnesium, bicarbonate
ph depends on diet
milk urine means
WBC, bacteria or fat
red/amber urine means
urobillinogen- can indicate liver disease, addisons or more
brown yellow or green urine means
maybe bile pigment
red/smoky brown urine means
maybe blood
turbidity: cloudy urine means
phosphates, rates, WBC, bacteria, epithelial cells or fats
if urine has glucose:
excessive carb intake or diabetes
if urine has albumin
increased permeability of glomerular mem., kidney trauma, ingestion of heavy metal, toxins, glomerulonephritis, hypertension
if urine has ketone bodies
starvation or acidosis
if urine has nitrites
UTI or bacterial contamination
if bacteria had protein
glomerular damage, inflammation, physical stress, strenuous exercise
if urine has RBC
imitation of organs by calculi or trauma
if hemoglobin is in urine
hemolysis of RBC (hemolytic anemia, transfusion rxn., burns, renal disease)
if urine has bile pigments
liver pathology (hepatitis or cirrhosis)
if urine has WBC
inflammation due to bacterial infection
if urine has casts
pathological condition due to pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis or other renal damage
what is glycosuria
sugar in urine (diabetes)
what is albuminuria
albumin in urine (kidney disease)
what is renal calculi
kidney stones (stress, diet)
what is ketonuria
ketone bodies in urine (starvation, diabetes)
what is hematuria
blood (kidney, bladder cancer)
what is pyuria
pus in urine (bacterial infection )
what is pyelonephritis
inflamed kidneys (kidney infection)
what is glomerulonephritis
acute inflammation of kidneys (glomeruli injury, including lupus, Goodpasture’s syndrome, Wegener’s disease, and polyarteritis nodosa)
