Lab 7: Deformation Flashcards

1
Q

syncline

A

like a u (holds water like a sink)

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2
Q

anticline

A

like an A

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3
Q

where are the oldest rocks found in an anticline

A

the centre

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4
Q

where are the oldest rocks found in a syncline

A

outer edges

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5
Q

fold axis/hinge line

A

imaginary line that runs along the crest or central axis of a folded structure. represents the maximum curvature within the fold

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6
Q

trend

A

the compass direction of a linear or planar geological feature

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7
Q

plunge

A

indicates the angle at which the features inclines from the horizontal line

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8
Q

axial surface

A

theoretical plane that divides a fold into two symmetrical halves

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9
Q

non-plunging fold

A

does not incline significantly from the horizontal plane

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10
Q

plunging fold

A

significant angle from the horziontal plane

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11
Q

upright fold

A

rock layers remain nearly vertical+ axial surface is vertical

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12
Q

inclined fold

A

axial surface is inclined causing the rock layers to tilt

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13
Q

overturned fold

A

axial surface is nearly horizontal. same angle from horizontal plane of each arm

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14
Q

recumbent fold

A

axial surface is nearly horizontal. one limb may lie on top of another limb

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15
Q

footwall

A

the side of a fault you could stand on

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16
Q

hanging wall

A

the side of the wall you would have to hang onto

17
Q

fault slip

A

total displacement along the fault of two points

18
Q

dip-slip fault

A

movement is vertical

normal, reverse, thrust

19
Q

normal fault

A

hanging wall moves down

20
Q

reverse fault

A

hanging wall moves up

21
Q

thrust fault

A

hanging wall moves up at an angle of 30 degrees or less

22
Q

strike slip fault

A

primary movement is horizontal

left lateral - looking at fault, other side has moved left
right later - looking at fault other side has moved right

23
Q

map symbol for horizontal bed symbol

24
Q

strike of vertical bed symbol

A

long cross

25
strike and dip symbol
dislocation symbol, if it includes the angle the angle will be written at the end of the short line
26
Normal fault symbol
circles (hanging wall just rolls downhill)
27
Reverse fault symbol
squares (squares help the hanging wall climb uphill)
28
Thrust Fault map symbol
triangles (triangles are aggressive and so it the word thrust
29
syncline map symbol
(points in the direction a ball would roll) Points towards the centre
30
anticline map symbol
(points in the direction a ball would roll) points away from the centre
31
right hand rule
thumb points downhill along the line that is perpendicular to the elevation cross sections fingers point in the direction of the dip angle
32
what format must you write strike/dip
000/00 strike/dip no decimals
33
rule of v's in block block diagram
for whatever fucking reason, rule of v's is actually with u's. The bulge points in the direction that is downhill (of the strata or the fault)
34
How to do a Block diagram with topography
draw lines wherever there are strata use the rule of v's draw the fault point the direction of the river *** Label the age of all of the strata - top is biggest number as in last to be deposited ***Draw symbols for each of the strata showing which was it dips (the dislocation symbol)
35
How to do a surface trace to find strike and dip
1. any point where the solid line touches a contour line draw a circle. 2. connect all your circles at each elevation with lines. The lines should all be parallel to each other 3. Draw a line perpendicular to all the lines you just drew - this is your strike line 4. Strike: Use right hand rule on your strike line. This will tell you which side to find the angle. Always take the angle from vertical North and go clockwise. 5. Dip: Use the strike line and the scale on the map to find the actual distance between 2 lines along your strike line. Make a triangle with that number as your x and the change in elevation as your y. Solve for theta. 6. Remember to write in Strike/Dip : 000/00 and LOTS 7. Shade in the Areas that have coal underground - The areas that are higher than the coal seam line will have coal.