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EAS 210 > CHPTR 7 Metamorphic Rocks > Flashcards

CHPTR 7 Metamorphic Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

protolith

A

parent rock

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2
Q

lithostatic pressure

A

uniform stress/confining pressure
uniform field of pressure experienced by most rocks beneath Earth’s surface

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3
Q

directed pressure (differential stress

A

pushes mineral grains into one direction

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4
Q

geothermal gradient

A

25-30 degrees C

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5
Q

controlling factors in metamorphism

A

heat, pressure, fluids

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6
Q

index minerals for metamorphism grade

A

low to high
chlorite
muscovite
biotite
garnet / kyanite
staurolite
sillimanite

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7
Q

3 horrible index minerals for metamorphism

A

andalusite, quartz, feldspar

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8
Q

what do andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite have in common

A

polymorphs

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9
Q

foliated texture

A

stripes - produced by the preferred orientation of platy minerals

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10
Q

non-foliated texture

A

do not exhibit preferred orientation of minerals

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11
Q

burial metamorphism

A

low temp, low pressure, just rocks underground

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12
Q

contact metamorphism

A

high temp, low pressure
near a magma chamber and the surface

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13
Q

aureoles

A

metamorphosed zones that surround plutons or other intrusions

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14
Q

how does distance from a pluton affect metamorphic grade

A
  • high grade metamorphism close to pluton, low grade farther away
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15
Q

regional metamorphism

A

most common metamorphism
occurs during subduction or continent-continent collision

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16
Q

Barrovian metamorphism protolith

A

shale

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16
Q

Barrovian metamorphic process

A

shale
slate
phyllite
shist
gneiss

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16
Q

what metamorphic grade does biotite and garnet signify

A

intermediate

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16
Q

what metamorphic grade does chlorite signify

A

low grade

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17
Q

phyllite features?

A

foliated - platy minerals cannot be seen by eye - identified by glossy, lustrous sheen

17
Q

what metamorphic grade does sillimanite signify

A

high grade

17
Q

shale foliated?

A

foliated

18
Q

schist features + what’s unique about it at a higher grade

A

foliated
>50% platy material
garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts appear at higher grade

19
Q

most common metamorphic rock formed by regional metamorphism

A

schist

20
Q

porphyroblasts

A

large mineral crystal that disrupts the mineral grain in metamorphic rocks

21
Q

gneiss features

A

foliated
stripey - streaks of black and white rock
more granular minerals than platy minerals

22
Q

minerals present in the light colour in gneiss

A

quartz, feldspar

23
Q

minerals present in the dark colour in gneiss

A

biotite, amphibole

24
Q

migmatite

A

has a mixture of apparently igneous and metamorphic components. Like liquid stripes

25
Q

prograde metamorphism

A

increasing grade

26
Q

retrograde metamorphism

A

decreasing grade

27
Q

is marble foliated

A

nope

28
Q

what does limestone metamorphise into

A

marble

29
Q

what does quartz metamorphise into

A

quartzite

30
Q

what does mafic rocks metamorphise into

A

greenstone, amphibolite, eclogite

31
Q

eclogite features

A

contains pink garnet

32
Q

what does felsic rocks metamorphis into

A

gneiss

33
Q

impact metamorphism

A

asteroid hit Earth
- lots of pressure

34
Q

when the Earth was hit by an asteroid what rocks were formed

A

shocked quartz, coesite, stishovite

35
Q

cataclasites

A

forms in shallow part of faults

36
Q

mylonites

A

forms in deeper part of faults

37
Q

hydrothermal metamorphism

A
  • freshly erupted basalt and gabbro are erupted from ocean volcano and still hot
  • salt water percolates into the rocks. it cools into a new oceanic crust
  • mineral reaction occurs: olivine into serpentine
38
Q

blueschist facies

A

low T, high P - the upper part of a subduction zone

39
Q

zeolite facies

A

burial metamorphism

40
Q

eclogite facies

A

high T, high P. the lower part of a subduction zone

41
Q

shield

A

area where pre-Cambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks are exposed at the surface

42
Q

platform

A

area where igneous-metamorphic basement overlain by sedimentary rocks

43
Q

cratons

A

formed by a combination of shield and platform

EAS 210 (8 decks)

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