Lab 4: Metamorphic Rocks

Question 1

Andalusite

Answer 1

cruciform habit (look for a cross)
hardness = 6.5 -7.5

Question 2

Garnet

Answer 2

occurs in well formed 12 sided crystals**
conchoidal fracture**

Question 3

hardness of garnet

Answer 3

7-7.5

Question 4

Kyanite

Answer 4

blue colour**
hardness = 5 parallel to long direction of crystal + 7 across crystal**
blade shaped crystals**

Question 5

Serpentine

Answer 5

(its opaque green but do not say green)
(also asbestos)
greasy texture**
massive or fibrous**

Question 6

hardness of serpentine

Answer 6

3-5

Question 7

Staurolite

Answer 7

prismatic habit**
cross shaped crystal habit**

Question 8

hardness of staurolite

Answer 8

7-7.5

Question 9

Talc

Answer 9

greasy feel**
white, gray, light green
hardness = 1 **

Question 10

Gneiss foliation

Answer 10

foliated
banding

Question 11

gneiss protolith

Answer 11

shale (or felsic igneous rock)

Question 12

gneiss metamorphic grade

Answer 12

high

Question 13

minerals found in gneiss

Answer 13

same minerals as granite and diorite

garnet, staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite

Question 14

what mineral is NEVER is gneiss

Answer 14

muscovite

Question 15

Marble foliation, properties, minerals

Answer 15

non-foliated
reacts with acid
scratched by nail
contains calcite

Question 16

marble protolith

Answer 16

limestone or dolostone

Question 17

marble metamorphic grade

Answer 17

low to high

Question 18

Phyllite

Answer 18

foliated
irregular (wavy) cleavage
silky/satiny lustre

Question 19

phyllite protolith

Answer 19

shale

Question 20

phyllite metamorphic grade

Answer 20

low

Question 21

phyllite minerals

Answer 21

chlorite

Question 22

Quartzite foliation, properties, minerology

Answer 22

non-foliated
not scratched by nail
does not react with acid
contains quartz

Question 23

quartzite protolith

Answer 23

quartz sandstone

Question 24

quartzite metamorphic grade

Answer 24

medium to high

Question 25

Schist foliation

Answer 25

foliated - schistosity + porphyroblasts

Question 26

schist protolith

Answer 26

shale

Question 27

schist metamorphic grade

Answer 27

low to medium (medium once porphyroblasts appear)

Question 28

schist minerals

Answer 28

biotite + porphyroblasts: garnet, staurolite, andalusite, kyanite if no porphyroblasts, it is a biotite schist

Question 29

Slate

Answer 29

regular cleavage foliated non-lusterous

Question 30

slate protolith

Answer 30

shale

Question 31

slate metamorphic grade

Answer 31

very low

Question 32

slate minerals

Answer 32

muscovite or chlorite

Question 33

what do andalusite, sillimanite and kyanite have in common

Answer 33

polymorphs

Question 34

metamorphic process of shale

Answer 34

slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss

Question 35

how do you determine the metamorphic grade of quartzite and marble

Answer 35

fine grained = low metamorphic grade coarse grained = high metamorphic grade (the temp and pressure are like water and make the crystals grow)

Question 36

contact metamorphism

Answer 36

normally near a volcano causing high temperature and shallow (=low pressure)

Question 37

burial metamorphism

Answer 37

low temp and low pressure. Rocks are just underground which results in pressure and higher temp then the surace

Question 38

which kinds of metamorphism resulte in non-foliated rocks

Answer 38

burial and contact

Question 39

regional metamorphism

Answer 39

rocks are buried deep in the crust. associated with convergent plate boundaries and formation of mountain ranges high temp, high pressure

Question 40

subduction zone metamorphism

Answer 40

takes place at very high pressures and low temperatures at subduction zones high pressure, low temp

Question 41

hydrothermal metamorphism

Answer 41

occurs at mid ocean ridges. Cold water is drawn into the crust and heated as it passes through. Then it is released onto the seaflood near the ridge. This changes the original olivine and pryoxene minerals in the rock to chlorite and serpentine

Question 42

which rocks are shit for estimating metamorphic grade

Answer 42

calcite, quartz, feldspars,

Question 43

order from lowest grade to highest grade of metamorphic index minerals

Answer 43

chlorite, muscovite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite, Sillimanite

Question 44

Contact metamorphism results in what kind of rocks

Answer 44

Non-foliated rocks

Question 45

Burial metamorphism results in what kind of rock

Answer 45

Non foliated

Question 46

Regional metamorphism results in what kind of rock

Answer 46

Slates, phyllites, Schists, gneiss

Question 47

Subduction zone metamorphism creates what rocks (High pressure, low temp)

Answer 47

Foliated rocks