Lab 5: Intro to Maps Flashcards
Equal-area projection map + example
projection of the Earth that preserves area but distorts the shape of the land.
Mollweide projection
Conformal projections + example
projection of the Earth that preserves shape but distorts area
Mercator projection
what do all maps have
LOTS
what does LOTS stand for
Legend
Orientation - North arrow + coordinate system
Title
Scale - scale, vertical exaggeration
Parallels of latitude + requirement
lines running east-west direction. Must have N or S to indicate what side of the equator they are on
Meridians of longitudee
lines runnning North-South direction,
DMS + what it stands for
latitude/longitude coordinate system. Stands for degrees, minutes, seconds
How is a DMS coordinate seperated
Latitude/Longitude (1 degree)
Each 1 degree is divded into 60 minutes (60’)
Each minute is divided into 60 seconds (60”)
How to find the DMS LATITUDE of a point on a map
- Find the DMS coordinate system lines. Find your point
- Find the line under the point that you want. (The parallel) This will give you the degree and minute of the point.
- Measure the distance from the bottom of of the section (bottom parallel)) WANT
- Measure the vertical length (distance between the parallels) of the degree section. HAVE
- Set the ratio of want / have = x / 60
- Add N or S at the end depending on which side of the globe you are on
How to find the DMS LONGITUDE of a point on a map
- Find the DMS coordinate system lines. Find your point
- Find the line right of the point that you want. (The meridian) This will give you the degree and minute of the point.
- Measure the distance from the right side of of of the section (right meridian) WANT
- Measure the horizontal length (distance between the meridians) of the degree section. HAVE
- Set the ratio of want / have = x / 60
- Add E or W at the end depending on which side of the globe you are on
What order are UTM coordinates always given in + what units are they always in
Grid zone (given on map), Eastings, Northings
meters
What band letter in UTM is the equator
M
What is the range of UTM band letters in the North section of the globe
N-X
How do you get the number for the UTM coordinate system grid zone
counted eastward from the international line
how to find UTM Easting
- Measure the distance from the left Easting (numbers increase moving to the right) WANT
- Measure the total horizontal length of a section. HAVE
- Put the ratio as WANT / HAVE = x /1000
- Write E or W after number
What is each UTM section divided into
1000
how to find UTM Northing
- Measure the distance from the bottom Northing line (numbers increase moving up) WANT
- Measure the total horizontal length of a section. HAVE
- Put the ratio as WANT / HAVE = x /1000
- Write N or S after the number
Which part of Canada is DLS used in
The prairie provinces
Format of DLS coordinate system
LSD-Section-Township-Range-WxM
How do you find the WxM component of the DLS coordinate system
West of a reference Meridian
Range line orientation in DLS coordinate system
Parallel to meridians, numbered East to west
Township line orientation in DLS coordinate system
Perpendicular to meridians, numbered North to South
How many sections is a Township divided into
36
How to find DLS coordinate
- Find squares for the DLS coordinate system. In the middle cross of the township, there will be a number on the horizontal line and a number on the vertical line.
- The number for the vertical line is the range (meridian)
- The number for the horizontal line is the Township (parallel
- Divide the section into 36 squares. Count starting from the bottom right and snaking back and forth going up (same as a game of snakes and ladders). The number you land on is the Section
- Divide the Section into 16 LSD (legal subdivisions). Snakes and ladder your way up to the correct section.
- Find which WxM the point is west of.
- Put it into LSD-Section-Township-Range-WxM
what do closely packed contours line indicate
steep hills
when drawing topography lines what must you do over rivers
draw a v pointing upstream
how to draw a topographic profile
- draw a line denoting the line along your topographic map
- use the straight edge of a paper, mark ticks where the topographic lines touch the paper. Label their corresponding elevation
- Mark the tick marks on a graph on the x-axis. The y-axis will be the corresponding elevation of each of the ticks. Connect the points - you shouldn’t have flat surfaces
- Don’t forget LOTS + vertical exaggeration + label rivers , trails, roads, etc.
vertical exaggeration formula
VE = Vert. Scale / Horizontal Scale
meters needs to be on the bottom of both fractions
If you are given a bunch of topography points with a river flowing through it, how would you draw the contour lines for it
let interval of contour lines = 10
so you would draw through all of the dots that are an elevation increase of 10, ie. 150, 160, 170,180. You cannot go through multiple elevations with one line - each elevation gets its own contour line.
The contour line should surround all points smaller than it.
Rivers must have a v pointing upstream wherever the contour curve crosses it
where should you put the orientation on a topographic profile
on the graph, NOT by the axis
should you label A - A’ on a topographic graph
Absolutely dumbass
