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EAS 210 > Lab 1: Minerals > Flashcards

Lab 1: Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Amphibole

A

cleavage in 2 directions - 60° and 120°**
vitreous lustre
dark green to black**
long, prismatic eight-sided crystal

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2
Q

amphibole hardness

A

6

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3
Q

Biotite

A

1 plane of cleave cleavage **
black to brownish black**
vitreous luster

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4
Q

biotite hardness

A

2.5-3

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5
Q

Calcite

A

strongly effervesces in HCL**
double image seen through clear pieces**
3 cleavage planes not at 90°**
vitreous luster

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6
Q

calcite hardness

A

3

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7
Q

Chalcopyrite

A

massive
golden yellow/greenish yellow**
metallic luster**
Hardness 3-4**

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8
Q

chalcopyrite hardness

A

3.5-4

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9
Q

Dolomite

A

reacts slowly with HCl**
cleavages in 3 directions - 75°**

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10
Q

dolomite hardness

A

3.5-4

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11
Q

Galena

A

3 excellent cubic cleavage**
high specific density**
silver-grey
metallic luster

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12
Q

galena hardness

A

2.5

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13
Q

Gypsum

A

hardness of 2**
excellent cleavage in 1 direction, poor cleavage in other two directions**

vitreous to pearly** luster
white or transparent

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14
Q

Halite

A

salty taste**
perfect cleave at 90°**

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15
Q

halite hardness

A

2-2.5

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16
Q

Magnetite

A

magnetic**
dark grey to black
irregular fracture

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17
Q

Muscovite

A

1 plane of cleavage**
colourless**
flexible in thin sheets**

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18
Q

muscovite hardness

A

2-3

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19
Q

Olivine

A

olive green colour**
occurs as aggregates of small vitreous grains**
transparent to translucent

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20
Q

Plagioclase Feldspar

A

striations**
2 good cleavages at 90°**
white to dark grey

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21
Q

plagioclase feldspar hardness

A

6

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22
Q

olivine hardness

A

6.5-7.5

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23
Q

Potassium Feldspar

A

exsolution texture**
pink salmon colour**

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24
Q

potassium feldspar hardness

A

6

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25
Q

Pyrite

A

metallic luster**
massive/cubic habit**
brass-yellow**

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26
Q

pyrite hardness

A

6-6.6

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27
Q

Pyroxene

A

dull luster (don’t write this)
2 directions of cleavage at 90°**
dark green to black
short prismatic eight sided crystals

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28
Q

pyroxene hardness

A

6

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29
Q

Quartz

A

conchoidal fracture**
six sided crystal habit
hardness of 7

30
Q

Sphalerite

A

resinous luster**
yellow streak*
dodecahedral cleavage (12 planes)

31
Q

sphalerite hardness

A

3.5-4

32
Q

Sylvite

A

bitter taste**
3 directions of cleavage at 90°**

33
Q

Finger nail hardness

A

2.5

34
Q

penny hardness

A

3.5

35
Q

glass plate hardness

A

5.5

36
Q

steel nail

A

6.5

37
Q

Streak plate hardness

A

7

38
Q

talc hardness

A

1

39
Q

gypsum hardness

A

2

40
Q

calcite hardness

A

3

41
Q

fluorite hardness

A

4

42
Q

apatite hardness

A

5

43
Q

feldspar hardness

A

6

44
Q

quartz hardness

A

7

45
Q

topaz hardness

A

8

46
Q

corundum hardness

A

9

47
Q

diamond hardness

A

10

48
Q

acicular habit

A

needle like; silimanite

49
Q

bladed habit

A

elongated in one dimension, substantially smaller in the the other two; kyanite

50
Q

prismatic habit

A

like quartz habit

51
Q

equant habit

A

a cube; pyrite

52
Q

tabular habit

A

feldspar; one dimension shorter than other two

53
Q

platy habit

A

biotite; one dimension substantially smaller than the other two

54
Q

granular

A

rounded-irregular shaped crystals; sugar like in appearance

55
Q

what should be used to differentiate between chalcopyrite and pyrite

A

hardness;
chalcopyrite = 3.5 - 4
pyrite = 6-6.6

56
Q

basal cleavage

A

1 direction of cleavage;
biotite, muscovite

57
Q

prismatic cleavage

A

2 cleavages at 90°;
feldspars, pyroxene

58
Q

non-prismatic cleavage

A

2 cleavages not at 90°;
amphibole

59
Q

cubic cleavage

A

3 cleavages at 90°;
halite, galena

60
Q

rhombohedral cleavage

A

3 cleavages, none at 90°;
calcite

61
Q

octahedral

A

4 cleavages - 8 faces;
fluorite

62
Q

dodecahedral

A

6 cleavages - 12 faces;
sphalerite

63
Q

sulphide minerals

A

(squares)
sphalerite
galena
chalcopyrite
pyrite

64
Q

carbonate minerals

A

(reacts with acid)
dolomite
calcite
aragonite

65
Q

sulphate minerals

A

(absorbs water)
gypsum
anhydrite

66
Q

oxide minerals

A

(interesting)
magnetite, haematite
alumina/corundum
uraninite

67
Q

halide minerals

A

(salty)
fluorite
halite
sylvite

68
Q

single tetrahedra silicate minerals

A

olivine

69
Q

single chain silica minerals

A

pyroxene

70
Q

double chain silica minerals

A

amphibole

71
Q

sheet silica minerals

A

muscovite, biotite

72
Q

3d framework silica minerals

A

potassium feldspar
quarts

EAS 210 (8 decks)

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