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ANATOMY - head, neck & spine > L9 nasal cavity > Flashcards

L9 nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A
  • resonating cavity for voice (has effect on voice eg if u block nose)
  • houses olfactory region to sense smells
  • forms upper part of respiratory tract
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2
Q

what are the functions of the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • to filter, moisten & warm air before it enters the lungs
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3
Q

what 2 bones is the nasal septum made up of?

A
  • the** perpendicular plate** of the ethmoid bone (superiorly)
  • the **vomer **(inferiorly)
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4
Q

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A
  • frontal sinus
  • ethmoid sinus
  • **sphenoid **sinus
  • **maxillary **sinus
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5
Q

what forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

the hard palate - maxilla and palatine (horizontal plate of palatine bone)

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6
Q

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

hint: bones of anterior cranial fossa

A
  • nasal bone
  • nasal cartilage
  • frontal bone
  • cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
  • body of sphenoid bone
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7
Q

what are the 2 nasal cavities separated by?

A

the nasal septum

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8
Q

what 3 structures makes the medial wall of the nasal cavity? (the midline)

A
  • ethmoid bone - perpendicular plate
  • vomer - posterioinferiorly
  • nasal cartilage
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9
Q

what 6 things makes up the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A
  • maxilla
  • sphenoid bone ( pterygoid plate)
  • lacrimal bone
  • inferior nasal concha
  • palatine bone
  • ethmoid (superior and inferior nasal conchae)
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10
Q

what are nasal concha?

A
  • long narrow curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose
    function to warm and humidify the incoming air
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11
Q

what are the 3 nasal concha?

A
  • superior nasal concha
  • middle nasal concha
  • inferior nasal concha
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12
Q

what are the nasal concha covered by?

A

a mucous membrane and a psuedostratified columnar respirtory epithelium

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13
Q

what are the functions of the conchae?

A
  • airflow direction
  • humidification
  • heating & filtering air inhaled through nose
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14
Q

what is different about the inferior nasal concha in comparision to the middle and superior?

A
  • it is an independent bone that articulates with the frontal process of the maxilla, ethmoid and lacrimal bone
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15
Q

what are nasal meatuses & how many are there?

A
  • the nasal meatuses are** distinct air passages** located inferiorly to each nasal concha
  • as there are 3 nasal concha, there are also 3 nasal meatuses - superior, middle and inferior
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16
Q

what is the superior nasal meatus?

A
  • an airway passage located below the superior nasal concha
  • smallest and most posteriorlu located meatus
17
Q

what is located above the superior nasal concha?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess (space)
It drains the sphenoid sinus

18
Q

where is the middle nasal meatus situated & what does it do?

A
  • between the middle nasal concha and the inferior nasal concha
  • this passage drains the maxillary, frontal and anterior ethmoid sinuses
19
Q

where is the inferior nasal meatus situated?

A

situated** below the inferior nasal concha**

20
Q

what opening is found in the inferior nasal meatus?
hint: tears

A

the nasolacrimal duct

21
Q

what important structure is found in the middle nasal meatus?

A

the semilunar hiatus - location of the opening of the maxillary sinus

22
Q

what is the space inside the nostrils called and what is it lined with?

A
  • the nasal vestibule
  • lined with skin and hair follicles
23
Q

what is the rest if the nasal cavity lined with ?

A

lined with mucous membrane
* richly supplied with mucous glands and blood vessels ( highly vascularised)

24
Q

what is the function of the mucous membrane that surrounds the nasal cavity?

A
  • the mucous traps any incoming particles which are then moved by the cilia into the nasal cavity & through small opening in the sinuses (infection) OR down the throat to be removed from airway
25
Q

what is a problem associated with the small openings of the sinuses?

A
  • the drainage is easily blocked by colds or allergies which cause swelling of the mucous membrane
26
Q

what does the auditory tube connect to the upper respiratory tract & what problems are associated with this?

A
  • it** connects the middle ear and upper respiratory tract**
  • creates a path for the spread of infection - leading to an infection of the auditory tube which can diminish hearing
27
Q

What is the arterial blood supply to the nasal cavity derived from?

A
  • branches of the external carotid artery
  • branches of internal carotid artery
28
Q

what 2 branches of the external carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?

A
  1. facial artery
  2. maxillary artery
29
Q

what is kiesselbach plexus?

A

* anastomosis of 5 branches meeting in the anterior inferior quadrant of the nasal septum
* common area of nose bleeds

30
Q

what is epistaxis ?

A

nose bleeds

31
Q

What is the pterygoid venous plexus?

A
  • collection of veins located between the temporalis and the lateral pterygoid muscle
32
Q

what veins drain the nasal cavity?

A
  • pterygoid venous plexus
  • facial vein
  • ophthalmic vein
33
Q

Describe the nerve supply to the nasal cavity

A
  • **olfactory region CN I **
  • 20 olfactory filaments (nerve fibres) pierce the cribiform plate of ethmoid to enter the nasal cavity
  • also **nasopalatine nerve **
34
Q

what can happen as a result of a fractured cribiform plate?

A
  • a fractured cribiform plate can penetrate the meningeal linings of the brain, causing leakage of CSF
  • exposing the brain to the outside environment like this increases risk of meningitis
  • also can cause** anosmia **(loss of smell) as olfactory bulb can also get irreversibly damaged
35
Q

what are the **paranasal sinuses **and what are they lined with?

A
  • 4 air filled spaces within the bones of the skull surrounding the nasal cavity
  • they are also lined with a mucous membrane
36
Q

what is sinusitis?

A

inflammation of the epithelia of the sinuses - caused by virus or bacteria

ANATOMY - head, neck & spine (21 decks)

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