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ANATOMY - head, neck & spine > L10 oral cavity, pharynx and tongue > Flashcards

L10 oral cavity, pharynx and tongue Flashcards

1
Q

what is deglutition?

A

swallowing

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2
Q

what is the oral cavity divided into?

A
  1. the vestibule
  2. oral cavity proper
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3
Q

what are the ‘borders’ of the vestibule?

A
  • bordered anteriorly and laterally by the lips and cheeks
  • bordered posteriorly and medially by the teeth and gums (gingiva)
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4
Q

what is the gingiva?

A

gums

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5
Q

what salivary gland opens into the vestibule?

A
  • the **parotid salivary gland **
  • its duct passes through the buccinator muscle and opens up into the vestibule
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6
Q

what are the** walls, roof and floor** of the oral cavity proper made up of?

A
  • walls - alveolar bone of jaws (bone that holds teeth)
  • roof- hard & soft palate
  • floor - anterior 2/3 of tongue
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7
Q

what is the hard palate?

A
  • horizontal bony plate located in the roof of the oral cavity
  • made up of 2 bones - maxilla and palatine bone
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8
Q

what is the** soft palate**?

A
  • mobile fold of soft tissue attached to the posterior margin of the hard palate
  • doesnt contain a bony framework
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9
Q

what is the frenulum?

A
  • the mucous membrane fold under the tongue
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10
Q

what 2 structures located on both sides of the frenulum?

A
  1. openings for ducts of the submandibular salivary gland
  2. sublingual folds surround the ducts of the sublingual salivary gland
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11
Q

what 2 important muscles hold the floor of the oral cavity?

A
  1. mylohyoid muscle
  2. geniohyoid muscle
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12
Q

what are the 2 layers of the mouth and what nerve are they supplied by?

A
  • skin (external)
  • oral mucosa (internal)
  • covers lips and cheeks
  • supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CNV)
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13
Q

what are the 3 branches (V1-3) of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. opthalamic
  2. maxillary
  3. mandibular
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14
Q

what nerve supplies the upper lip?

A

superior labial branch of infraorbital nerve - (maxillary region)

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15
Q

what nerve supplies the lower lip?

A
  • inferior labial branch of the mental nerve (mandibular nerve)
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16
Q

what nerve supplies the cheeks?

A

buccal branch of the mandibular nerve

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17
Q

what nerve supplies the cheeks?

A

buccal branch of the mandibular nerve

18
Q

what is the main muscle of the lips (that allow puckering)

A

orbicularis oris

19
Q

what is the main muscle of the cheeks?

A

buccinator muscle

20
Q

what are the 5 layers of dental tissues?

A
  1. **enamel **- makes up external crown
  2. dentine - bulk of root and crown
  3. cementum- covers root
  4. Pulp -contains nerves and vessels
    5.** periodontal ligament (PDL)**- connects tooth root to bone (fibrous joint)
21
Q

what are the 2 sets of dentition?

A
  1. primary (baby teeth)
  2. secondary (permanent teeth)
22
Q

Describe the **nerve supply **of dentition/oral cavity

what cranial nerve? maxillary region & how does nerve exit & mandibular

A
  • all from branches of the trigeminal nerve
  • maxillary region - infraorbital nerve exits maxilla through infraorbital formamen
  • mandibular region - buccal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve enters mandible through the mandibular foramen
23
Q

How many muscles form the soft palate?

A

5

24
Q

what structures does the soft palate join with?

A

the pharynx and the tongue

25
Q

what are the 2 main foramina in the palate?

A
  • incisive fossa
  • greater and lesser palatine foramina
26
Q

Describe the innervation of the palate?

SENSORY AND MOTOR

A
  • SENSORY: maxillary nerve (via the** greater and lessser palatine nerves** and nasopalatine nerve)
  • MOTOR: ** vagus nerve **supplies muscles of soft palate via pharyngeal nerve
27
Q

Describe the blood supply to the palate

A
  • the main arterial blood supply to the palate is through the** greater palatine artery** (terminal branch of maxillary artery)
  • the veins of the palate** accompany the corresponding arteries **and drain into the **pterygoid venous plexus **
28
Q

what structure divides the tongue?

A

the terminal sulcus divides the tongue into the presulcus (anterior 2/3) and the postsulcus (posterior 1/3)

29
Q

what are the muscles of the tongue divided into?

A

2 GROUPS
1. **intrinsic **muscles- contained within the tongue themselves and alter its shape and size
2. **extrinsic **muscles - originate outside of tongue itself & attach to it

30
Q

what are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the** tongue & function**?

A
  1. **genioglossus **- protrudes / sticks out tongue
  2. hyoglossus -depresses tongue
    3.** stylohossus**- retracts/elevates tongue
  3. **palatoglossus **- elevates posterior tongue
31
Q

Describe the** motor innervation** of the** tongue**

A
  • hypoglossal nerve innervates most of the muscles of the tongue EXCEPT for palatoglossal muscle
32
Q

Describe the sensory innervation of the tongue

A
  • general (touch & temp) and special innervation (taste)
  • general and special sensory innervation by **lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve **supplies posterior 1/3 of tongue
    * chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve)for taste
33
Q

Describe the** blood supply to the tongue**

A
  • blood supply comes primarily from the lingual artery (branch of the external cca)
  • lingual artery accompanied by lingual vein which drain later into the internal jugular vein
34
Q

what is the** pharynx**?

A
  • a** long muscular tube **extending behind the nasal and oral cavities until the voice box
  • forms a continuous muscular passage for food, air, liquids to travel down nose and mouth to stomach (oesophagus) and lungs (trachea)
35
Q

what are the** 3 anterior communications (3 regions) of the pharynx**?

A
  1. nasopharynx (nasal and middle ear cavity)
  2. **oropharynx **(oral cavity)
  3. **larygnopharynx ** (larynx and oesophagus)
36
Q

what** 2 groups** are the **muscles of the pharynx **divided into?

A

1.** circular** (constrictor) muscles
2.** longitudinal **muscles

37
Q

what are the 3 circular (constrictor) pharyngeal muscles & what is their function?

A
  • superior, middle and inferior
  • their function is to constrict - propel food bolus down into oesophagus
38
Q

what are the** 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles & function**?

A
  • stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus,salpingopharyngeus
  • elevate larynx and pharynx when swallowing
38
Q

what are the** 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles & function**?

A
  • stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus,salpingopharyngeus
  • elevate larynx and pharynx when swallowing
39
Q

Describe the blood supply of the pharynx

A
  • rich amount of arterial anastomases - highly vascularised
  • all of the arteries originate from the external carotid artery
  • ascending pharyngeal artery, facial artery, lingual artery & maxillary artery
40
Q

where do the veins in the pharynx drain their blood?

A

pharyngeal venous plexus (network of veins) which drains into the** internal jugular vein**

41
Q

Describe the** innervation of the pharynx**

A
  • the main anatomical structure innervating the pharynx is the **pharyngeal nerve plexus **
    * pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve provide motor innervation except for stylopharyngeus muscle
    *** pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve **provide pharynx with sensory innervation

ANATOMY - head, neck & spine (21 decks)

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