L10 oral cavity, pharynx and tongue

Question 1

what is deglutition?

Answer 1

swallowing

Question 2

what is the oral cavity divided into?

Answer 2

1. the vestibule
2. oral cavity proper

Question 3

what are the ‘borders’ of the vestibule?

Answer 3

• bordered anteriorly and laterally by the lips and cheeks
• bordered posteriorly and medially by the teeth and gums (gingiva)

Question 4

what is the gingiva?

Answer 4

gums

Question 5

what salivary gland opens into the vestibule?

Answer 5

• the **parotid salivary gland **
• its duct passes through the buccinator muscle and opens up into the vestibule

Question 6

what are the** walls, roof and floor** of the oral cavity proper made up of?

Answer 6

• walls - alveolar bone of jaws (bone that holds teeth)
• roof- hard & soft palate
• floor - anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 7

what is the hard palate?

Answer 7

• horizontal bony plate located in the roof of the oral cavity
• made up of 2 bones - maxilla and palatine bone

Question 8

what is the** soft palate**?

Answer 8

• mobile fold of soft tissue attached to the posterior margin of the hard palate
• doesnt contain a bony framework

Question 9

what is the frenulum?

Answer 9

• the mucous membrane fold under the tongue

Question 10

what 2 structures located on both sides of the frenulum?

Answer 10

1. openings for ducts of the submandibular salivary gland
2. sublingual folds surround the ducts of the sublingual salivary gland

Question 11

what 2 important muscles hold the floor of the oral cavity?

Answer 11

1. mylohyoid muscle
2. geniohyoid muscle

Question 12

what are the 2 layers of the mouth and what nerve are they supplied by?

Answer 12

• skin (external)
• oral mucosa (internal)
• covers lips and cheeks
• supplied by the trigeminal nerve (CNV)

Question 13

what are the 3 branches (V1-3) of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 13

1. opthalamic
2. maxillary
3. mandibular

Question 14

what nerve supplies the upper lip?

Answer 14

superior labial branch of infraorbital nerve - (maxillary region)

Question 15

what nerve supplies the lower lip?

Answer 15

• inferior labial branch of the mental nerve (mandibular nerve)

Question 16

what nerve supplies the cheeks?

Answer 16

buccal branch of the mandibular nerve

Question 17

what nerve supplies the cheeks?

Answer 17

buccal branch of the mandibular nerve

Question 18

what is the main muscle of the lips (that allow puckering)

Answer 18

orbicularis oris

Question 19

what is the main muscle of the cheeks?

Answer 19

buccinator muscle

Question 20

what are the 5 layers of dental tissues?

Answer 20

1. **enamel **- makes up external crown
2. dentine - bulk of root and crown
3. cementum- covers root
4. Pulp -contains nerves and vessels
   5.** periodontal ligament (PDL)**- connects tooth root to bone (fibrous joint)

Question 21

what are the 2 sets of dentition?

Answer 21

1. primary (baby teeth)
2. secondary (permanent teeth)

Question 22

Describe the **nerve supply **of dentition/oral cavity

what cranial nerve? maxillary region & how does nerve exit & mandibular

Answer 22

• all from branches of the trigeminal nerve
• maxillary region - infraorbital nerve exits maxilla through infraorbital formamen
• mandibular region - buccal nerve and inferior alveolar nerve enters mandible through the mandibular foramen

Question 23

How many muscles form the soft palate?

Answer 23

5

Question 24

what structures does the soft palate join with?

Answer 24

the pharynx and the tongue

Question 25

what are the 2 main foramina in the palate?

Answer 25

* incisive fossa * greater and lesser palatine foramina

Question 26

Describe the **innervation of the palate**? | SENSORY AND MOTOR

Answer 26

* SENSORY: **maxillary nerve** (via the** greater and lessser palatine nerves** and **nasopalatine nerve**) * MOTOR: ** vagus nerve **supplies muscles of soft palate via pharyngeal nerve

Question 27

Describe the **blood supply to the palate**

Answer 27

* the main arterial blood supply to the palate is through the** greater palatine artery** (terminal branch of maxillary artery) * the veins of the palate** accompany the corresponding arteries **and drain into the **pterygoid venous plexus **

Question 28

what structure divides the tongue?

Answer 28

the **terminal sulcus** divides the tongue into the presulcus (anterior 2/3) and the postsulcus (posterior 1/3)

Question 29

what are the muscles of the tongue divided into?

Answer 29

2 GROUPS 1. **intrinsic **muscles- contained within the tongue themselves and alter its shape and size 2. **extrinsic **muscles - originate outside of tongue itself & attach to it

Question 30

what are the **4 extrinsic muscles** of the** tongue & function**?

Answer 30

1. **genioglossus **- protrudes / sticks out tongue 2. **hyoglossus** -depresses tongue 3.** stylohossus**- retracts/elevates tongue 4. **palatoglossus **- elevates posterior tongue

Question 31

Describe the** motor innervation** of the** tongue**

Answer 31

* hypoglossal nerve innervates most of the muscles of the tongue EXCEPT for palatoglossal muscle

Question 32

Describe the **sensory innervation** of the **tongue**

Answer 32

* general (touch & temp) and special innervation (taste) * general and special sensory innervation by **lingual branch of glossopharyngeal nerve **supplies posterior 1/3 of tongue *** chorda tympani** (branch of facial nerve)for taste

Question 33

Describe the** blood supply to the tongue**

Answer 33

* blood supply comes primarily from the **lingual artery** (branch of the external cca) * lingual artery **accompanied by lingual vein** which drain later into the internal jugular vein

Question 34

what is the** pharynx**?

Answer 34

* a** long muscular tube **extending behind the nasal and oral cavities until the voice box * forms a continuous muscular passage for food, air, liquids to travel down nose and mouth to stomach (oesophagus) and lungs (trachea)

Question 35

what are the** 3 anterior communications (3 regions) of the pharynx**?

Answer 35

1. **nasopharynx** (nasal and middle ear cavity) 2. **oropharynx **(oral cavity) 3. **larygnopharynx ** (larynx and oesophagus)

Question 36

what** 2 groups** are the **muscles of the pharynx **divided into?

Answer 36

1.** circular** (constrictor) muscles 2.** longitudinal **muscles

Question 37

what are the 3 circular (constrictor) pharyngeal muscles & what is their function?

Answer 37

* **superior, middle and inferior** * their function is to constrict - **propel food bolus down into oesophagus**

Question 38

what are the** 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles **&** function**?

Answer 38

* stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus,salpingopharyngeus * elevate larynx and pharynx when swallowing

Question 38

what are the** 3 longitudinal pharyngeal muscles **&** function**?

Answer 38

* stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus,salpingopharyngeus * elevate larynx and pharynx when swallowing

Question 39

Describe the **blood supply of the pharynx**

Answer 39

* rich amount of arterial anastomases - **highly vascularised** * all of the arteries **originate from the external carotid artery** * **ascending pharyngeal artery, facial artery, lingual artery & maxillary artery**

Question 40

where do the veins in the pharynx drain their blood?

Answer 40

**pharyngeal venous plexus (**network of veins) which drains into the** internal jugular vein**

Question 41

Describe the** innervation of the pharynx**

Answer 41

* the main anatomical structure innervating the pharynx is the **pharyngeal nerve plexus ** *** pharyngeal branches of vagus** nerve provide **motor innervation** except for stylopharyngeus muscle *** pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve **provide pharynx with **sensory innervation**