L19 muscles of the neck

Question 1

What does deep mean in terms of muscle layers?

Answer 1

• deep usually means very small and that the primary function is to support the head on neck - to stabilise rather than produce large movements

Question 2

what does the superficial layer mean in relation to muscle layers?

Answer 2

• larger muscle for large movements
• muscles are close to the skin

Question 3

what is the origin of the muscle?

Answer 3

• the stable part of the muscle eg the cervical spine & cranium base

Question 4

what is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 4

the part of the muscle in which contraction / movement takes place

Question 5

what are the main movements of the spine?

Answer 5

• extension
• forward flexion
• lateral flexion
• rotation

Question 6

what does unilateral movement mean?

Answer 6

1 muscle belly is moving

Question 7

what does bilateral movement mean?

Answer 7

2 muscle bellies are moving

Question 8

what 2 thing does the movement of a muscle in the head and neck depend on?

Answer 8

1. their location on the spine - in relation to axis of rotation &
2. the muscle fibre direction

Question 9

what is ipsilateral rotation?

Answer 9

muscle that rotates body to the same side - eg muscle on left turns body to the left

Question 10

what is contralateral rotation?

Answer 10

muscle rotates body to the opposite side - eg muscle on left turns body to right

Question 11

if the contraction of the muscle is unilateral (1 muscle belly), what is the only movement that can occur?

Answer 11

rotation or lateral flexion

Question 12

if contraction is bilateral, what type of movement can only occur?

Answer 12

only extension or forward flexion

Question 13

what are the 3 attachments of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Answer 13

1. sternal (manubrium)
2. cleido - clavicle
3. mastoid - mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 14

what are the 3 main types if actions of the SCM muscle?

Answer 14

1. cervical neck flexion - ie forward flexion of head and neck - bilateral contraction (both sides)
2. **contralateral rotation **- rotate to opposite side - eg left SCM contracts and rotates head to the right
3. ipsilateral flexion - lateral flexion to the same side- eg the contraction of the left SCM laterally flexes head & neck to the left

Question 15

what are the anterior muscles of the neck?

Answer 15

• superficial - SCM
• supra hyoid muscles - MGSD
• scalene muscle - anterior, middle & posterior
• longus capitis muscle
• longus colli
• rectus capitis

Question 16

what does ‘capitis’ mean in relation to muscles?

Answer 16

the insertion of the muscle is on the cranium

Question 17

what does colli mean in relation to muscles?

Answer 17

• the insertion is on the neck

Question 18

what does rectus mean?

Answer 18

straight

Question 19

what are the main posterior muscles of the neck?

Answer 19

• trapezius
• levator scapulae
• splenius capitis
• longissimus capitis
• semispinalis capitis
• splenius cervicis
• semispinalis cervicis
• longissimus cervicis
• spina;is cervicis

Question 20

what are 4 main suboccipital muscles?

Answer 20

• rectus capitis minor
• rectus capitis major
• obliquss capitis superior
• obliquss capitis inferior

Question 21

what are the main superficial muscles of the neck?

Answer 21

• SCM
• trapezius
• splenius capitis
• splenius cervicis

Question 22

what are the main intermediate muscles of the neck?

Answer 22

• longissmus capitis and cervicis
• spinalis cervicis

Question 23

what is the main role of the deep muscles of the neck?

Answer 23

provide stability & proprioception

Question 24

what muscles forward flex?

Answer 24

• head on neck muscles - from cranium & neck eg longus colli, scalenus anterior, SCM muscle, rectus capitis muscle

Question 25

what are the muscles that cause extension?

Answer 25

• levator scapulae
• trapezius
• splenius cervicis
• longissimus capitis
• spinalis capitis
• suboccipital muscles

Question 26

what are examples of muscle that cause laterial flexion?

Answer 26

• SCM
• trapezius
• scalenus - anterior, middle and posterior
• rectus capitis lateralis
• longus colli
• splenius cervicis
• longissimus muscle

Question 27

what movement does the trapezius carry out?

Answer 27

• contralateral rotation
• ipsilateral flexion

Question 28

what movement do the scalene muscles carry out?

Answer 28

• side bending neck
• also elevate 1st and 2nd ribs for respiration

Question 29

what function does the levator scapulae have?

Answer 29

• side bending neck

Question 30

what are the movement functions of the splenius capitis muscle?

Answer 30

• side bending
• rotating
• extending neck

Question 31

what is the main role of the suboccipital muscles of the suboccipital triangle of neck?

Answer 31

• stabilse head and neck
• fine control of head movement