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ANATOMY - head, neck & spine > L1 - Neurocranium, Cranial nerves & cervical fasciae > Flashcards

L1 - Neurocranium, Cranial nerves & cervical fasciae Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 key parts of the skull?

A
  • the neurocranium
  • the** viscerocranium**
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2
Q

what bones does the **neurocranium **contain?

A
  • 2** parietal** bones
  • 2 **temporal **bones
  • **occupital **bone
    * sphenoid bone (behind eyes)
  • ethmoid bone (nose)
  • frontal bone
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3
Q

what is the function of the neurocranium?

A
  • to enclose and protect the brain, meninges,cerebral nerves and vessels
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4
Q

What is the neurocranium subdivided into (2 things)?

A
  • cranial roof (calvarium)
  • cranial base
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5
Q

what bones are present in the calvarium?

A
  • 2 parietal bones
  • frontal
  • occipital
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6
Q

What bones are present in the cranial base?
(think of superior view of the skull)

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • occipital
  • 2 temporal bones
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7
Q

What bones does the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) contain?

A
  • 2 maxilla (upper jaw)
  • 2 nasal bones
  • 2 lacrimal bones
  • 2 inferior nasal concha
  • 2 palatine bones (near maxilla)
  • 2 zygomatic bones (cheek bones)
  • vomer
  • mandible - connected to skull via TMJ
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8
Q

what is the Pterion?

A
  • a H shaped junction ** where the temporal, frontal, pariteal and sphenoid bone join**
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9
Q

what can happen if the pterion region is fractured?

A
  • can cause a epidural haemorrhage (bleeding in the brain between the dura mater and skull)
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10
Q

What are sutures?

A
  • a type of immobile fibrous joint that is unique to the cranium
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11
Q

What are the different sutures of the skull?

A

*** coronal **(between frontal and parietal)
* sagittal (between the 2 parietal bones)
* lambdoid (occipital and parietal)
* squamosal (temporal and parietal)

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12
Q

What are the different cavities of the skull?

A
  • **nasal **cavity
  • **orbital **(eyes)
  • **cranial **( for brain)
  • paranasal sinuses
  • oral cavity
    * middle and inner ear
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13
Q

what are the 3 terms for the ‘openings/ holes’ of the skull & what is their purpose/function?

A
  • foramina
  • canals
  • fissures

function : for **passage of nerves and blood vessels **

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14
Q

what are the 4 main parts of the sphenoid bone?

ie the WASP bone - looks like wasp

A
  • body
  • greater wing
  • lesser wing
  • lateral pterygoid process
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15
Q

what is the clinoid process of the sphenoid bone and what is it attached to?

A
  • attaches onto a reflecion of dura mater
  • tentorium cerebelli
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16
Q

what important openings (fissures, foramina etc) does the sphenoid bone contain?

A
  • superior orbital fissure
  • optic canal
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen ovale
  • foramen spinosum
17
Q

what bones does the sphenoid hone articulate with?

A
  1. neurocranium - frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, occipital
  2. viscerocranium - palatie, vomer , zygomatic bone
18
Q

What is the function of the ethmoid bone?

A

protects vital organs in this region and supports the nose and orbits

19
Q

What are the parts of the ethmoid bone?

A
  • the** perpendicular plate** (forms part of the nasal septum that separates the 2 nasal cavities)
  • superior nasal concha &** middle nasal concha** - important for warming air
  • crista gali - on each side of it - there are foramina (holes) which is called the **cribriform plate **
20
Q

what does the crista galli of the ethmoid bone attach onto?

A

it attaches onto the dura mater
* the falx cerebri

21
Q

what bones does the ethmoid bone articulate with?

A
  1. neurocranium - frontal & sphenoid bone
  2. viscerocranium - nasal bone, maxillae, lacrimals,vomer, palatines and inferior nasal concha
22
Q

What are the different parts of the temporal bone & briefly what do they contain?

A
  • **squamous part **- zygomatic process & TMJ surface
    * tympanic part- houses middle ear cavity & chain of 3 auditory ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes)
  • petrous part -houses inner ear cavity
  • mastoid process- anchoring point for neck muscles and ligaments
23
Q

what bones does the temporal bone articulate with?

A
  • sphenoid
  • parietal
  • occipital
  • zygomatic
  • mandible (note only one viscerocranial bone)
24
Q

what muscle does the external occipital protuberance attach to?

A

the trapezius muscle

25
Q

How many cranial nerves are there?

A
  • 24
  • 12 PAIRED nerves
26
Q

what is the function of cranial nerves?

A
  • sensory and motor innervation to structures of head & neck
27
Q

What are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves

Oh Oh Oh Tiny Tits Are Fun And Give Virgins Awkward Hips

A
  1. Olfactory nerve
  2. Optic
  3. Oculomotor (eyelid/ pupil movement)
  4. Trochlear (eye movement)
  5. Trigeminal (sensation to maxialle, mandible region)
  6. Abducens (eye movement)
  7. Facial (motor to muscles of facial expression)
  8. Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
  9. Glossopharyngeal (special sensations)
  10. Vagus (throat, throax & abdomen)
  11. Accessory
  12. Hypoglossal (motor to tongue - speech and swallowing)
28
Q

What is a fascia?

A
  • layer of tough fibrous connective tissue that surrounds & invests muscles, vessels and nerves
29
Q

What are the 2 types of cervical fascia?

A
  • superficial
  • deep
30
Q

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

A
  • cutaneous nerves, fat, blood vessels,lymph nodes and the **platysma muscle **
31
Q

what are the different layers of the deep cervical fascia?

A
  1. investing layer
  2. pretracheal layer
  3. prevertebral layer
  4. carotid sheath
32
Q

what does the superficial investing layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?

A
  • surrounds all neck except for the superficial structure
33
Q

what does the pretracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia surround?

A
  • covers the trachea
  • oesophagus
  • thyroid and parathyrpid glands
34
Q

what does the prevertebral layer surround?

A
  • surrounds the vertebral column and covers prevertevral muscles

ANATOMY - head, neck & spine (21 decks)

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