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ANATOMY - head, neck & spine > L3 brain & spinal cord > Flashcards

L3 brain & spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major divisions of the brain?

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brainstem
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2
Q

what are gyri vs sulci?

A
  • gyri are the folds/ ridges in the brain
  • sulci are the** grooves** of the brain
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3
Q

what are fissures in the brain?

A

a fissure is a deeper groove (sulci) and can also be called sulcus

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4
Q

what did the brain develop from?

A
  • the ectodermal neural tube
  • the prosencephalon, mesencephalon & rhombencephalon
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5
Q

what is the** mesencephalon**?

A

midbrain - including the pons and cerebellum

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6
Q

(recap) what term does the arachnoid and pia matter make?

A

leptomeninx

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7
Q

where are the dural venous sinuses located?

A

between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura

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8
Q

Describe the arachnoid mater

A
  • web like arachnpid trabeculae bridge
  • not attached to dura, but the pressure of the CSF keeps it in direct contact
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9
Q

describe the pia mater

A
  • gives brain a ‘shiny’ appearance
  • adheres to brain surface and follows all contours
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10
Q

what are the properties of CSF?

A
  • clear liquid
  • contains glucose, proteins, ions and waste products
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11
Q

what are the functions of CSF?

A
  • mechanical protection - shock absorber
  • homeostasis function
  • ciruclation - exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nervous tissue
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12
Q

what cells are the CSF secreted by? Where are they located?

A
  • the choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles
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13
Q

what are the ventricles of the brain?

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • 4th ventricle
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14
Q

Describe the circulation of CSF

A
  • CSF leaves the lateral ventricles through the intraventricular foramina (hole)
  • CSF** enters the 3rd ventricle**
  • it then passes through the cerebral aqueduct
  • CSF then enters the ventricle and leaves through the median aperture & lateral aperture
  • CSF then** enters subarachnoid space** which is continous with spinal chord
  • CSF can** leave subarachnoid space **through the granulations into the venous system
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15
Q

What are the parts of the cerebrum?

A
  • cerebral hemispheres - which are separated by the falx cerebri
  • basal ganglia
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16
Q

what sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

the central sulcus

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17
Q

what does the transverse lateral sulcus separate?

A

separates the superior frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobes

18
Q

what does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?

A
  • it separates the occipital lobes from the parietal & temporal lobes
19
Q

what is the corpus callosum?

A
  • a** broad band of nerve fibres** joining the 2 hemispheres of the brain
  • remember it is a commisural fibre
20
Q

what are the main functions of the cerebrum?

A
  • conscious **thought process **
  • **memory **storage
  • conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
21
Q

what are the basal nuclei?

A

the basal nuclei are paired masses of grey matter (cell bodies) in each cerebral hemisphere

22
Q

what is the** function of the basal nuclei**?

A
  • receive **input from cerebral cortex **
  • provide motor output to other parts of the cortex via the thalamus
23
Q

what is the limbic system in the cerebrum?

A
  • the centre of emotional and behvaioural expression
24
Q

what is the primary somatosensory area and where is it located?

A
  • processes somatic sensations eg touch,proprioception, temperature etc
  • posterior central gyrus
25
Q

what is the primary motor area?

A

recieves and processes info about motor functions

26
Q

what is the central core of the brain and what are are its contents?

A

diaencephalon
* contains epithalamus, thalamus (in walls of dianecephalon), **hypothalamus **(floor of dianecephalon)

27
Q

what are the parts of the brainstem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
  • reticular formation
28
Q

what are the functions of the midbrain?

A
  • processes visual and auditory data
  • maintains consciousness
29
Q

what 2 important cranial nerves arise in the midbrain?

A
  1. CNIII - oculomotor
  2. IV- trochlear
30
Q

what is the pons?

A
  • pons = bridge
  • between the mid brain and medulla oblongata
31
Q

what are the functions of the pons?

A
  • relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
  • subconscious somatic and visceral control
32
Q

what cranial nerves are in the pons?

A
  • trigeminal CN V
  • CN VI-VIII (abudecens, facial, vestibulocochlear)
33
Q

what cranial nerves arise from the medulla oblongata?

A
  • glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
  • vagus (CN X)
  • hypoglossal (CNXII)
34
Q

what is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A
  • relays sensory info to the thalamus & other portions of the brainstem
  • autonomic centres for reg of visceral function - cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive etc
35
Q

What are the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum separated by?

A

the vermis

36
Q

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum?

A
  1. anterior lobe
  2. posterior lobe
  3. flocculonodular lobe
37
Q

what are the 5 regions of the spinal chord?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacrum
  • 1 coccygeal nerve
38
Q

what are the 3 layers of the spinal meninges?

A
  • pia mater
  • arachnoid mater
  • dura mater
39
Q

what does the grey matter in the spinal cord contain?

A

nerve cell bodies and fibres

40
Q

what does the white matter of the spinal cord contain?

A
  • myelinated fibres- may be ascending or descending
41
Q

compare the **dorsal vs ventral horn **of the spinal cord

A
  • **dorsal **-receive axons of sensory (afferent) neurons
    * ventral - send out axons - motor (efferent) neurons
42
Q

what is the acronym for remembering dorsal vs ventral

A

DAVE
* dorsal - afferent
* ventral - efferent

ANATOMY - head, neck & spine (21 decks)

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