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Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) > L7: Infectious Dz Prevention Programs pt.2 > Flashcards

L7: Infectious Dz Prevention Programs pt.2 Flashcards

1
Q

is strangles a reportable dz in FL?

A

yes

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2
Q

pathogenesis of strangles

A

-streptococcus equi equi

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3
Q

CS of strangles

A
  • fever
  • LN enlargement and abscessation
  • purulent nasal d/c
  • resp. distress due to retropharyngeal LN enlargement
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4
Q

transmission of strangles

A

ingestion or inhalation of infected discharges

  • horse/horse, fomite
  • highly contagious
  • high morbidity, low mortality
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5
Q

incubation period of strangles

A
  • 3-14d (shedding begins 1-2d after onset of fever)

- isolate horses with fever ASAP!

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6
Q

detection/confirmation of Strangles

A
  • culture of pharynx/Guttural pouch (Gold Standard)
  • PCR: nasal swab or nasal flush/guttural pouches (recent outbreaks: 3 neg. PCR to be released from quarantine)
  • serology for SeM protein (surface protein of Strep equi equi) –> particularly good for confirming pupura or bastard strangles
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7
Q

strangles horses are infectious until?

A

> or = 4 wks. after CS resolve

  • GP is clear
  • GP samples negative
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8
Q

levels of positive for SeM protein serology

A

weak positive: repeat in 7-14d
moderate positive: exposure in last 2-3wks or an infection in last 6mo.-2yrs
high positive: complications of S. equi infections or recent vaccination

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9
Q

Strangles outbreak hygiene

A

PPE
foot baths
disinfect stables/transport vehicles
rest pastures - 4wks

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10
Q

when to vaccinate for strangles

A

previously affected farms
farms w/ young stock
sale/show stables
vaccine not completely preventative and may be deleterious

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11
Q

IM Strangles vaccine and protocol

A

M-protein based (IM)

  • start at 4-6mo. of age
  • boost 1-2x/yr
  • can cause abscesses at injection site
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12
Q

IN Strangles vax and protocol***

A
  • start at 6-9mo.
  • may be more effective
  • cannot be used for colostral immunity!!**
  • can cause abscess
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13
Q

risks of strangles vax

A
  • immune-mediated pupura hemorrhagica (more common in horses with high titer)
  • mild form of dz
  • abscess formation
  • best to check titer and not vax if titer is high
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14
Q

regionally used vaccines

A

Botulism
Potomac Horse Fever
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)
Rotavirus

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15
Q

botulism causes what syndromes in horse

A 
"Shaker foal syndrome"
Forage poisoning (adult horses)
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16
Q

pathogenesis of botulism

A

toxin blocks transmission of impulses in nerves –> weakness, dysphagia, death, flaccid paralysis

17
Q

Botulism endemic area

A

Kentucky

mid-Atlantic seaboard

18
Q

2 types of botulism

19
Q

botulism vax

A

type B toxoid

  • no cross-protection for type C
  • recommended in pregnant mares in endemic areas to prevent disease in foals
  • give last trimester
20
Q

Potomac Horse Fever cause and endemic region

A

Neorickettsia risticii

  • eastern US, CA
  • seasonal (summer)
21
Q

trans. of PHF

A

trematode parasites of fresh water snails - horses eat caddis flies

22
Q

CS of PHF

A

severe d/fever

2ary laminitis

23
Q

tx of PHF

A

oxytetracycline, supportive care

24
Q

vax of PHF

A
  • questionable due to lack of seroconversion and multiple strains of bacteria
  • may lessen severity of dz
  • start w/ 2 doses 3–4wks apart
  • booster q6-12mo.
25
Q

CS/trans/dx of Equine Viral Arteritis

A
  • abortion
  • resp/semen trans.
  • Dx: titers, virus isolation
26
Q

EVA vax uses***

A
  • used to control outbreaks and prevent trans. from carrier stallions to unaffected broodmares
  • must document negative status of stallions before vaccination: vax causes seroconversion and may interfere w/ requirements for export of semen***
27
Q

EVA vax protocol

A
  • modified live
  • can use in stallions and open mares
  • vax colts at 6-12mo. and seronegative mares if bred to infected stallion
28
Q

rotavirus chars. (all)

A
  • most common cause of infectious d in foals!
  • CS: profuse watery d, fever, lethargy
  • highly contagious
  • tx: supportive care
  • prevent: vax pregnant mares before foaling in endemic herds
29
Q

lyme vax

A

may use canine lyme vax on horses in endemic areas

-dx/tx difficult

30
Q

acute vs. chronic Equine Infectious Anemia

A
  • retrovirus trans. by biting flies or blood contam. needles (mechanical transmission)
  • acute: fever, depression, petechia
  • chronic: icterus, anemia, dependent edema
31
Q

dx of EIA

A

“Coggins” test or ELISA

  • need neg. test q6-12mo. for travel, show
  • reportable dz!
32
Q

is piroplasmosis a FAD?

A

yes

-US considered non-endemic for now

33
Q

infectious agent of Piroplasmosis

A

Theileria equi

Babesia caballi

34
Q

trans. of piroplasmosis

A

tick-borne

mechanical vector

35
Q

CS of piroplasmosis

A

acute: fever, anemia, jaundice, hemoglobinuria
chronic: weak, decreased appetite

36
Q

Dx of piroplasmosis

A

cELISA

-used on imports into US

Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) (15 decks)

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