L7: Infectious Dz Prevention Programs pt.2 Flashcards
is strangles a reportable dz in FL?
yes
pathogenesis of strangles
-streptococcus equi equi
CS of strangles
- fever
- LN enlargement and abscessation
- purulent nasal d/c
- resp. distress due to retropharyngeal LN enlargement
transmission of strangles
ingestion or inhalation of infected discharges
- horse/horse, fomite
- highly contagious
- high morbidity, low mortality
incubation period of strangles
- 3-14d (shedding begins 1-2d after onset of fever)
- isolate horses with fever ASAP!
detection/confirmation of Strangles
- culture of pharynx/Guttural pouch (Gold Standard)
- PCR: nasal swab or nasal flush/guttural pouches (recent outbreaks: 3 neg. PCR to be released from quarantine)
- serology for SeM protein (surface protein of Strep equi equi) –> particularly good for confirming pupura or bastard strangles
strangles horses are infectious until?
> or = 4 wks. after CS resolve
- GP is clear
- GP samples negative
levels of positive for SeM protein serology
weak positive: repeat in 7-14d
moderate positive: exposure in last 2-3wks or an infection in last 6mo.-2yrs
high positive: complications of S. equi infections or recent vaccination
Strangles outbreak hygiene
PPE
foot baths
disinfect stables/transport vehicles
rest pastures - 4wks
when to vaccinate for strangles
previously affected farms
farms w/ young stock
sale/show stables
vaccine not completely preventative and may be deleterious
IM Strangles vaccine and protocol
M-protein based (IM)
- start at 4-6mo. of age
- boost 1-2x/yr
- can cause abscesses at injection site
IN Strangles vax and protocol***
- start at 6-9mo.
- may be more effective
- cannot be used for colostral immunity!!**
- can cause abscess
risks of strangles vax
- immune-mediated pupura hemorrhagica (more common in horses with high titer)
- mild form of dz
- abscess formation
- best to check titer and not vax if titer is high
regionally used vaccines
Botulism
Potomac Horse Fever
Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)
Rotavirus
botulism causes what syndromes in horse
"Shaker foal syndrome" Forage poisoning (adult horses)