L6: Intro to Beef Cattle Population Med (Rae)

Question 1

how many head of beef cattle in US

Answer 1

95.5 million (35m of which enter food chain each year)

Question 2

beef prod. phases

Answer 2

cow-calf
stocker-grower
finishing/fed cattle
(consumption)
*total process takes 14-22mo.*

Question 3

cow-calf phase

Answer 3

• minimal resource inputs
• “grass harvesting”
• calves raised to weaning (7-9mo.)

Question 4

stocker-grower phase

Answer 4

• calves purchased and fed high forage ration (grass harvesting or small grain gleaning)
• minimal resource inputs
• growing phase (8-15mo.)

Question 5

finishing phase

Answer 5

• intensive confinement operation
• fed mixed concentrate ration
• 90-150d

Question 6

Bos taurus breeds

Answer 6

angus
simmental
shorthorn
charolais
hereford

Question 7

Bos indicus breeds

Answer 7

Gir
Nelore
Guzaret
American Brahman
Sahwal

Question 8

Santa Gertrudis =

Answer 8

shorthorn + Brahman

Question 9

Beefmaster =

Answer 9

Brahman, shorthorn, hereford

Question 10

Brahman hump***

Answer 10

hypertrophy of rhomboideus trapezius m.

Question 11

FL calving/breeding/weaning seasons

Answer 11

Calving: Jan-March
Breeding: April/May
Weaning: Sep

Question 12

maternal traits essential for beef cattle***

Answer 12

-must bond quickly w/o maladjustment

Question 13

uniformity of:

Answer 13

gender
frame and weight
breed-type
processing
immunization

Question 14

health management toolds

Answer 14

ID
husbandry
nutrition
immunizaytion
parasite control

Question 15

immune system of bovine neonate

Answer 15

• immune competent
• usually devoid of active immunity
• dependent on primary and non-spec. defenses until passive transfer of immunoglobulins through colostrum

Question 16

immunizing vehicles

Answer 16

KV
MLV (altered virulence)
IN (temp. specific)
non-replicating MLV (temp. specific)
killed bacteria (bacterin)
live bacteria (altered virulence)
toxoids (chemically inactivated toxic products)

Question 17

see graph slide 33/35

Answer 17

:)

Question 18

factors influencing maternal Ab interference

Answer 18

• virus type
• lvl of existing maternal Ab
• vaccine Ag and vaccine preparation (passage)
• route of admin

Question 19

parasite burden dependent on:

Answer 19

age
weather
env.
stocking rate (cattle density)
pasture mgt
parasite type

Question 20

CS of CLINICAL parasitism

Answer 20

diarrhea
anemia
sunken flanks
rough coat
bottle jaw

Question 21

effects of SUBCLINICAL parasitism

Answer 21

• greater dz susceptibility
• extra days to market
• inc. time to breeding
• suboptimal performance (reduced weight gain, milk prod, conception rates)

Question 22

strategies for parasite control

Answer 22

• minimize pasture contamination: de-worm at start of grazing season and before egg shedding occurs; time therapy to seasonal grazing patterns
• balance stocking rates
• rotate pastures

Question 23

cow procedures at mid-year animal evaluation

Answer 23

Brucellosis test

Johne’s test

Question 24

when is parasite control done in cows

Answer 24

pre-breeding, post-breeding, pre-calving. NOT during breeding

Question 25

give most immunizations during what period in cows

Answer 25

pre-calving processing

Question 26

normal calves should stand and nurse how quickly after birth

Answer 26

2-6hrs

Question 27

when are immunizations given to calves

Answer 27

during calf processing at 4-6 and 6-8mo. of age

Question 28

when is parasite control given to calves

Answer 28

calf processing at 6-8mo.

Question 29

what procedures performed at 4-6mo.

Answer 29

dehorn
castrate (also at calving)
supermumery teats

Question 30

what procedures performed at calving

Answer 30

ID tag, tattoo
birth weight
navel care
castrate
record info
Vit. E/selenium, Vit. A-D

Question 31

bull selection criteria

Answer 31

13-15mo.
“virgins”, dz free
herd of origin dz free
assessed for performance traits

Question 32

most exam/immunization/etc. performed when in bulls

Answer 32

pre-breeding