L14: Kennel and Cattery Management (Stone)

Question 1

colony immunity

Answer 1

resistance of the group of animals to invasion and spread of infectious disease

Question 2

components of record keeping

Answer 2

entrance/intake
movement
assessment
procedures (vax and tx)
cleaning schedule

Question 3

2 most important considerations for kennel/cattery

Answer 3

• easy/economical to clean and maintain

- adequate for animal’s comfort

Question 4

recommended separate areas

Answer 4

• indoor/outdoor dogs
• grooming
• food prep/storage
• storage
• office
• quarantine
• maternity
• iso
• holding

Question 5

Priority Handling (1-6) based on age and disease status***

Answer 5

1) puppies/kittens
2) pregnant females
3) young adults
4) adults
5) quarantined animals
6) isolation/sick animals
* always wash hands between!*

Question 6

daily sanitation requirements

Answer 6

• remove animal
• remove solid waste/debris
• clean w/ detergent or diluted bleach
• disinfect food and water bowls
• dry floor
• replace animal

Question 7

soap/detergent

Answer 7

cleaning agent which works by suspending dirt and grease. Does NOT kill harmful microbes

Question 8

disinfectant

Answer 8

chemical agent which kills harmful microbes. Doesn’t necessarily remove dirt or grease

Question 9

Degreaser

Answer 9

more powerful soap/detergent

Question 10

stable environments

Answer 10

• breeding kennels/catteries
• closed colonies
• research facilities

Question 11

transient env.

Answer 11

• vet hospitals
• grooming/boarding
• shelters
• retail outlets
• dog parks

Question 12

immunoprophylaxis

Answer 12

enhancement of a specific immune response in an attempt to protect an animal from disease (either by vax or passive transfer)

Question 13

innate immunity

Answer 13

• exists prior to foreign Ag exposure

- consists of physical barriers, phagocytic cells, NK cells

Question 14

acquired immunity

Answer 14

• develops after foreign Ab stim.
• humoral immunity B cells (Ab)
• cell mediated immunity T cells
• secretory IgA

Question 15

passive immunization

Answer 15

artificial transfer of specific Ab

• gives immediate protection
• short-lived
• transfer of dz possible
• oral, IM, IP, SC

Question 16

active immunization

Answer 16

the giving of an Ag to produce an immune response

• cheaper than passive
• takes time to produce immunity
• long lived immunity

Question 17

majority of maternal Ab from:

Answer 17

colostrum (82-98%)

-rest transplacental

Question 18

offspring’s Ab lvl affected by:

Answer 18

maternal Ab titer
amount colostrum received
parasitism
environment

Question 19

window of susceptibility

Answer 19

The time at which antibody level is no longer sufficient to protect from infection, yet high enough to prevent vaccination.

Question 20

2 main types of vaccines

Answer 20

Modified Live - attenuated

Inactivated or Non-infectious

Question 21

adv. of ML vax

Answer 21

• replicate in host
• provide more rapid protection
• produce longer-lasting immunity
• lower Ag mass - fewer vax rxns
• better stimulates cell mediated immunity

Question 22

disadv. of ML vax

Answer 22

• can revert to virulence

- can cause immune suppression

Question 23

chars. of ML intranasal or oral vax

Answer 23

• immune response w/n 3-5d
• higher lvls of IgA
• readily reverts to virulence
• more post vaccinal signs

Question 24

chars. o parenteral ML vax

Answer 24

• immune response w/n 7-10d
• high lvls of IgG
• doesn’t revert as easily
• fewer post vax signs compared to intranasal or oral

Question 25

adv. of whole agent inactivated vaccine

Answer 25

• doesn’t replicate in host
• no reversion to virulence
• safer in immunosuppressed

Question 26

disadv. of whole agent inactivated vaccine

Answer 26

• require more vax
• more allergenic
• require adjuvant
• shorter duration of immunity

Question 27

adjuvant

Answer 27

added to inc. duration and amt. of immunostimulation

• Al hydroxide
• mycobacteria/endotoxins
• carbopol
• oil
• liposomes
• Freund’s complete

Question 28

vaccination does not = immunization!!

Answer 28

not all vax will immunize effectively due to host, vaccine, and human factors

Question 29

host factors that affect vaccination

Answer 29

immunodef.
maternal Ab
age
pregnancy
fever/hypothermia
stress/illness
incubating dz
drug therapy
general debilitation
malnutrition
hormonal fluxuation
anesthesia/surgery

Question 30

vaccine factors that affect vaccination

Answer 30

improper storage/handling
biological variation
strain differences
excessive attenuation
reversion to virulence
overwhelming exposure

Question 31

human factors that affect vaccination

Answer 31

protocol
vax interference
improper mixing/amount
exposed at time of vax
improper route
improper use of disinfectants
concurrent use of antimicrobials or immunosupporessive drugs

Question 32

vax rxns

Answer 32

local 
mild systemic
fetal resorption, abortions, birth defects
immune complex dz
anaphylaxis
incomplete attenuation causing dz
immune mediated hemolytic anemia
vax induced neoplasia
contamination of multidose vials
adventitious agents
febrile limping syndrome in cats
vax assoc. dz of young Akitas

Question 33

Core Vaccines

Answer 33

distemper
parvo
infectious canine hepatitis
rabies
feline panleukopenia
FHV
Feline Calicivirus

Question 34

Non-core vaccines in dogs

Answer 34

coronavurs
parainfluenza
lepto
bordetella
lyme
influenza

Question 35

Non-core vaccines in cats

Answer 35

feline leukemia
FIV
FIP
Chlamydophila
Bordetella

Question 36

why is oral care important?

Answer 36

main communication tool of dogs/cats
animals w/ painful mouths may not eat well
poor oral health can –> systemic disease
gross/painful mouths leads to unadoptable animals

Question 37

ptyalism

Answer 37

increased saliva

Question 38

pseudoptyalism

Answer 38

conformational drooling

Question 39

halitosis

Answer 39

bad breath

Question 40

signs of oral pain

Answer 40

dec. appetite
dropping food
coughing
muscle asymmetry

Question 41

earliest CS of periodontal dz

Answer 41

gingivitis

Question 42

periodontal disease is:**

Answer 42

localized, chronic inflammation and infection

Question 43

immune response to periodontal disease

Answer 43

• inc. in serum inflammatory proteins

- CRP and IL-6 increases have been assoc. with periodontal microbes

Question 44

evidence that periodontitis contributes to which systemic dz:

Answer 44

CV dz
arthritis
renal and liver disease
worsens endocrine dz (Cushings, diabetes)
obesity
infectious dz