L14: Kennel and Cattery Management (Stone) Flashcards
colony immunity
resistance of the group of animals to invasion and spread of infectious disease
components of record keeping
entrance/intake movement assessment procedures (vax and tx) cleaning schedule
2 most important considerations for kennel/cattery
- easy/economical to clean and maintain
- adequate for animal’s comfort
recommended separate areas
- indoor/outdoor dogs
- grooming
- food prep/storage
- storage
- office
- quarantine
- maternity
- iso
- holding
Priority Handling (1-6) based on age and disease status***
1) puppies/kittens
2) pregnant females
3) young adults
4) adults
5) quarantined animals
6) isolation/sick animals
* always wash hands between!*
daily sanitation requirements
- remove animal
- remove solid waste/debris
- clean w/ detergent or diluted bleach
- disinfect food and water bowls
- dry floor
- replace animal
soap/detergent
cleaning agent which works by suspending dirt and grease. Does NOT kill harmful microbes
disinfectant
chemical agent which kills harmful microbes. Doesn’t necessarily remove dirt or grease
Degreaser
more powerful soap/detergent
stable environments
- breeding kennels/catteries
- closed colonies
- research facilities
transient env.
- vet hospitals
- grooming/boarding
- shelters
- retail outlets
- dog parks
immunoprophylaxis
enhancement of a specific immune response in an attempt to protect an animal from disease (either by vax or passive transfer)
innate immunity
- exists prior to foreign Ag exposure
- consists of physical barriers, phagocytic cells, NK cells
acquired immunity
- develops after foreign Ab stim.
- humoral immunity B cells (Ab)
- cell mediated immunity T cells
- secretory IgA
passive immunization
artificial transfer of specific Ab
- gives immediate protection
- short-lived
- transfer of dz possible
- oral, IM, IP, SC
active immunization
the giving of an Ag to produce an immune response
- cheaper than passive
- takes time to produce immunity
- long lived immunity
majority of maternal Ab from:
colostrum (82-98%)
-rest transplacental
offspring’s Ab lvl affected by:
maternal Ab titer
amount colostrum received
parasitism
environment
window of susceptibility
The time at which antibody level is no longer sufficient to protect from infection, yet high enough to prevent vaccination.
2 main types of vaccines
Modified Live - attenuated
Inactivated or Non-infectious
adv. of ML vax
- replicate in host
- provide more rapid protection
- produce longer-lasting immunity
- lower Ag mass - fewer vax rxns
- better stimulates cell mediated immunity
disadv. of ML vax
- can revert to virulence
- can cause immune suppression
chars. of ML intranasal or oral vax
- immune response w/n 3-5d
- higher lvls of IgA
- readily reverts to virulence
- more post vaccinal signs
chars. o parenteral ML vax
- immune response w/n 7-10d
- high lvls of IgG
- doesn’t revert as easily
- fewer post vax signs compared to intranasal or oral
adv. of whole agent inactivated vaccine
- doesn’t replicate in host
- no reversion to virulence
- safer in immunosuppressed
disadv. of whole agent inactivated vaccine
- require more vax
- more allergenic
- require adjuvant
- shorter duration of immunity
adjuvant
added to inc. duration and amt. of immunostimulation
- Al hydroxide
- mycobacteria/endotoxins
- carbopol
- oil
- liposomes
- Freund’s complete
vaccination does not = immunization!!
not all vax will immunize effectively due to host, vaccine, and human factors
host factors that affect vaccination
immunodef. maternal Ab age pregnancy fever/hypothermia stress/illness incubating dz drug therapy general debilitation malnutrition hormonal fluxuation anesthesia/surgery
vaccine factors that affect vaccination
improper storage/handling biological variation strain differences excessive attenuation reversion to virulence overwhelming exposure
human factors that affect vaccination
protocol vax interference improper mixing/amount exposed at time of vax improper route improper use of disinfectants concurrent use of antimicrobials or immunosupporessive drugs
vax rxns
local mild systemic fetal resorption, abortions, birth defects immune complex dz anaphylaxis incomplete attenuation causing dz immune mediated hemolytic anemia vax induced neoplasia contamination of multidose vials adventitious agents febrile limping syndrome in cats vax assoc. dz of young Akitas
Core Vaccines
distemper parvo infectious canine hepatitis rabies feline panleukopenia FHV Feline Calicivirus
Non-core vaccines in dogs
coronavurs parainfluenza lepto bordetella lyme influenza
Non-core vaccines in cats
feline leukemia FIV FIP Chlamydophila Bordetella
why is oral care important?
main communication tool of dogs/cats
animals w/ painful mouths may not eat well
poor oral health can –> systemic disease
gross/painful mouths leads to unadoptable animals
ptyalism
increased saliva
pseudoptyalism
conformational drooling
halitosis
bad breath
signs of oral pain
dec. appetite
dropping food
coughing
muscle asymmetry
earliest CS of periodontal dz
gingivitis
periodontal disease is:**
localized, chronic inflammation and infection
immune response to periodontal disease
- inc. in serum inflammatory proteins
- CRP and IL-6 increases have been assoc. with periodontal microbes
evidence that periodontitis contributes to which systemic dz:
CV dz arthritis renal and liver disease worsens endocrine dz (Cushings, diabetes) obesity infectious dz
