Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) > L7: Infectious Disease Prevention Programs (Mallicote) > Flashcards

L7: Infectious Disease Prevention Programs (Mallicote) Flashcards

1
Q

considerations for infectious disease program

A

-risk/cost of contracting disease, and vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

considerations when choosing site of IM injection

A

neck, chest, or back end

-anaphylactic reaction and local tissue reaction may affect performance if in neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

vaccine efficacy depends on:**

A

type of vaccine and route of administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

individual response to vax may be affected by:

A 
stress
illness
nutrition
concurrent meds
presence of colostral Ab
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vax in foals

A

3 rounds, starting at 6mo.

  • some exceptions
  • caution: maternal interference
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

vaccine titers

A
  • no research to establish protective titers or challenge the duration of immunity!
  • prolonging intervals may inc. risk of dz
  • tetanus titers should be done yearly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 types of vaccines

A

core

risk-based

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

risk-based vaccine goal

A

minimize or eliminate diseases that affect performance or herd health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

core vaccines

A

tetanus
encephalidities (EEE, WEE, WNV)
Rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cause of tetanus

A

spores from Clostridium tetani

  • present in intestines, manure, soil
  • enter horse through wounds, lacerations, umbilicus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CS of tetanus

A
  • stiff gait
  • facial m. spasm
  • third eyelid prolapse
  • “Sawhorse” stance
  • excessive response to external stimulation
  • recumbency
  • m. stiffness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prevention of tetanus

A
  • vaccinate ALL horses annually with tetanus toxoid vacine
  • use tetanus antitoxin for previously unvaccinated horses or neonates (beginning at 6mo. with 2 boosters)
  • booster if open wound or sx procedure >6 mos. since vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tetanus contagious b/w horses?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mortality rate of tetanus

A

> 80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

types of viral encephalomyelitis

A

EEE
WEE
WNV
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

seasonal difference in WNV activity

A

:)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

seasonality of EEE

A

higher incidence in summer months

18
Q

lifecycle of EEE

A

birds are reservoirs, transmitted by mosquito. Horses and humans = dead end hosts

19
Q

viral encephalomyelitis mortalities

A

EEE: 75-95%
VEE: 40-90%
WEE: 20-50%
WNV: 30-35%

20
Q

CS of EEE

A
  • starts with low grade fever, then high fever during viral proliferation
  • neuro signs 5d after exposure
  • death 2-3 days later
  • behavior change: irritable, hyperexcitable, dec. food and water consumption, self mutilation
  • dementia
  • cn deficits
  • ataxia –> seizures
21
Q

CN deficits assoc. with EEE

A

nystagmus
facial paralysis
lingual and pharyngeal paresis

22
Q

seasonality of WNV

A

higher July through November

23
Q

what part of brain does EEE affect? WNV?

A

EEE: cerebral cortex
ENV: mid-hind brain/spinal cord

24
Q

vaccination protocol for EEE/WEE in FL

A

booster every 4-6mo.

  • naive horses: 2 vax 2-4wks apart
  • best to booster 1 mo. before peak mosquito season
25
Q

vaccination protocol for WNV

A

(depends on vax used; every 1-2 yrs)

  • broodmares: 30-60d prior to foaling
  • foals: begin at 3-4mo. with 3 total vax
26
Q

most common rabies reservoir in FL

A

raccoons

27
Q

rabies vax protocol for horses

A

adults: annual vax with killed vax IM
foals: 6 mo, 8-9 mo, 10-12 mo.
* not a legal requirement in horses

28
Q

risk-based vaccines**

A

influenza
Equine herpesvirus (Rhinopneumonitis)
Strangles

29
Q

incubation period of equine influenza

A

1-3d

30
Q

susceptible equine population for influenza

A

<3yo, stress/travel

31
Q

CS of influenza

A 
high fever (1-5d) "week of rest for every day of fever!"
cough for weeks and nasal d/c
lethargy
reduced appetite
muscle soreness
32
Q

equine influenza vax protocol

A
  • q6-12mo. to decrease viral shedding
  • broodmares: IM vax in last 30d of preg.
  • foals: at least 6 mo. of age
33
Q

3 types of vax for equine influenza

A

traditional inactivated IM
modified live cold-adapted IN
canarypox vector vaccine IM

34
Q

EHV-1 vs. EHV-4 char. by

A

EHV-1: abortion, neonatal death, neurological disease, resp. disease
EHV-4: respiratory disease (similar to the flu)

35
Q

Equine herpesvirus (EHV) aka

A

rhinopneumonitis

36
Q

chars. of EHV-4

A
  • CS like flu
  • incubation time 2-10 days
  • shed virus for 2-3wks
  • most common in weanlings and yearlings
37
Q

trans. of EHV

A
  • respiratory route or contaminated equipment
  • horses can be asymptomatic carriers
  • considered directly contagious!**
  • stress can cause recrudescence
38
Q

prevention of resp. EHV

A
  • vax to dec. shedding of virus and severity of CS
  • foals and weanlings: start b/w 4-6 mo., 4wks later, then at 10-12 mo.
  • yearlings: every 6 mo.
  • broodmares: 5,7,9 mo. of pregnancy, then 30 days prior to foaling with EHV-1 and 4 for colostral immunity
39
Q

EHV abortion occurs at what gestation usually

A

7-9mo.

40
Q

control of EHV outbreak

A
  • isolate new arrivals
  • disinfect transport
  • isolate horses with fever
  • keep aborted material away from herd; isolate mare

Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions