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Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) > L4: Bovine Mastitis and Prod. Quality Milk (Donovan) > Flashcards

L4: Bovine Mastitis and Prod. Quality Milk (Donovan) Flashcards

1
Q

fx of alveoli in mammary gland

A
  • milk synthesis

- oxytocin responsive smooth m.

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2
Q

1st and most important line of defense against invasion by pathogenic bact.

A

teat canal

-lined by smooth m, squamous epithelium, and thick layer of keratin that is bacteriostatic

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3
Q

inflamm. char. by 5 signs

A 
heat
pain
redness
swelling
disturbed function
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4
Q

clinical forms of mastitis

A 
peracute (most severe)
acute
subacute (most common CLINICAL form)
subclinical (most common form!)
chronic
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5
Q

peracute mastitis

A
  • most severe form
  • CS in 4-12hr
  • local AND systemic sign (fever, anorexia, dehydration, depression, m. tremor, +/- d)
  • death common
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6
Q

acute mastitis

A
  • 5 signs of inflamm. present

- usually accompanied by mild depression, fever

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7
Q

subacute mastitis

A
  • subdued inflamm. signs
  • not systemic
  • most common CLINICAL form
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8
Q

subclinical mastitis

A
  • inflamm. w/o gross signs
  • testing needed to detect
  • most common form of mastitis!
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9
Q

chronic mastitis

A
  • inflamm. over wks/mos or from 1 lactation to the next

- continuous or periodic flare-ups that prod. acute or subacute CS

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10
Q

major primary udder pathogens causing mastitis

A

S. aures
Strep agalactiae
Mycoplasma sp.
Strep dysgalactia

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11
Q

major env. pathogens causing mastitis

A

strep uberis

strep dysgalactia

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12
Q

minor env. pathogens causing mastitis

A

Staph coag neg
coliforms
A. pyogenes

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13
Q

pathogenesis of Strep agalactiae

A
  • does NOT actively invade tissue
  • irritant accumulates and intensifies inflamm. rxn
  • replacement of secretory tissue w/ scar tissue
  • atrophy of mammary gland
  • dec. milk prod. with very inc. bacterial/SC counts in milk
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14
Q

control of strep ag***

A
  • can be eradicated!
  • post-dipping
  • dry cow therapy
  • ID infected cows and treat (Blitz treatment
  • Blitx treatment (abx during lactation) –> 90% reduction in 1/4 infection rate***
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15
Q

T/F: Blitz tx ONLY works for Strep ag mastitis***

A

T

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16
Q

S. aureus

A
  • causes contagious mastitis**
  • usually subclinical and chronic
  • micro-abscess w/n gland
  • peracute form –> gangrene
  • reservoirs = milk, teat skin
  • causes mod. inc. in SCC
17
Q

path. of S. aureus

A
  • penetrates into tissue
  • prod. toxins (ie. alpha hemolysin assoc. with gangrenous mastitis)
  • produces penicillinase
  • abx have hard time penetrating CT of abscesses
18
Q

mycoplasma sp.

A
  • causes contagious mastitis**
  • pneumonia, otitis, arthritis in calves
  • often subclinical
  • coffee-grounds appearance to milk
  • non-responsive to abx
  • periodic shedding
  • primarily a RESPIRATORY pathogen
19
Q

strep uberis and dysgalactia

A
  • ENVIRONMENTAL
  • NOT susceptible to eradication
  • opportunistic
  • uberis –> acute and chronic mastitis indistinguishable from Strep ag
  • dysgalactia –> infections usually follow teat injury and enhanced by teat lesions
20
Q

95% rule

A 
95% of all mastitis due to:
strep ag
staph aureus
strep uberis
strep dysgalactia
coliforms
21
Q

coliforms

A
  • ENVIRONMENTAL
  • opportunistic
  • low numbers of bact. shed in milk
  • causes peracute to acute mastitis
  • herds with low SCC may be at inc. risk
22
Q

coliform mastitis char. by

A
  • sudden marked swelling of quarter
  • fever, m. tremor, rumen stasis, dehydration +/- d
  • udder secretion serous –> thick with fibrin/leukocytes
23
Q

pathogenesis of coliforms

A
  • non-invasive
  • endotoxins** released from bacteria when destroyed by immune system
  • recovery usually rapid
  • usually not chronic
24
Q

goal % clinical cases

A

<3% of milking cows with clinical mastitis/month

25
Q

California mastitis test

A

indirect measure of somatic cells in milk

  • screens for subclinical mastitis
  • not good for differentiating b/w infected and non-infected cows
26
Q

relationship b/w SCC and milk prod. loss

A

linear (inc. SCC –> inc. milk loss)

27
Q

components of mastitis control program

A 
Proper milking management
env. control
dry cow therapy
milking machine maintenance
treatment protocols
vaccination
28
Q

pre-milking management

A
  • clean and dry teats
  • preDIP (controls env. mastitis)
  • STRIP
  • WIPE
  • HANG
29
Q

milking management

A
  • avoid linear slips (can contribute to inc. coliform units)
  • milk cows with DRY teats only!!
  • readjust machine if necessary
  • don’t overmilk
30
Q

post-milking management

A
  • make sure cow is milked out
  • dip all 4 teats on all cows
  • send cow to feedbunk with fresh feed and water
31
Q

when does highest incidence of infection occur?

A

drying off period (2nd most common = after calving)

32
Q

Dry Cow Therapy

A

-all functional quarters of all cows should be treated w/ long-acting intramammary abx at time of drying off, esp. for control of strep ag, staph aureus

33
Q

T/F: culling is a form of tx

A

T

34
Q

recommended and non-recommended vax

A

rec: E. coli

not rec: Staph aureus, Mycoplasma bovis

Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) (15 decks)

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