L11: Poultry P&P (Butcher) Flashcards
feed conversion in broiler production as of 2005
1.8 lb feed per pound of gain
cost per pound of broiler live production in 2013
49 cents/lb
(up from 25 cents/lb in 2005!)
-expected to go back down
retail US per capita consumption of broilers in pounds: 2013
83 lbs (higher than beef and swine)
reasons for drastic drop in per capita broiler consumption 2009
- recession
- fear of avain influenza outbreaks
- inc. price of corn due to use of corn for ethanol
per capita consumption of meat in USA
221lbs in 2006 to 2014lbs in 2013 (-17lbs, mostly beef)
reasons for success of poultry industry
- great feed conversion compared to beef/pork (<2:1 compared to 6:1 or 3:1 for beef/pork)
- perceived health benefits
- cheaper protein source
U.S. has what percent of world broiler production?**
30+%
Top 3 countries in broiler production
U.S.
China
Brazil
Brazil and USA account for 2/3 of the international poultry trade
50% of the world table egg production is in:**
China
which has more extensive vaccine protocol: U.S. or Saudi Arabia?
Saudi Arabia. However, still have 30-40% mortality by 30d
2 countries that don’t use vaccines because biosecurity so good
Nicaragua
Guyana
Rank strength in route of vaccination***
water (mildest) –> course spray –> fine spray (strongest)
as chicks get older, we step up virulence of vaccine and route of admin.
what type of vax given to heavy breeders?**
killed vaccines
-produces a lot of Ab that can be passed into egg so that progeny can also have high lvl of Ab
chars. of Infectious Bronchitis
- viral (Coronavirus)
- respiratory
- very common
- many recognized serotypes; mutates quickly
- prevented w/ vaccination
- decreases egg production in hens
chars. of Poultry Coccidiosis
- intestinal parasite
- common
- controlled by drugs and vaccines
- very resistant
- worldwide distr.
- appearance: fluffed up, dehydrated, heads down, eyes closed
- each species affects different part of intestines (but all treated same)
chars. of Infectious Coryza
- caused by haemophilus paragallinarum (a very fragile bacteria)
- common in layer industry
- affects adults, not young
- once chicken infected, infected for life!**
- CS: infected sinus which must be lanced
chars. of Fowl Pox
- viral
- spread by mosquitoes and direct contact
- controlled by live vax (however can cause dz if gets in eye or mouth! give in wingweb)
- endemic in wild turkeys
- 2 forms: wet and dry (dry can recover if protected and given feed/water; wet causes death when lesions slough off trachea and aspirate)
chars. of Marek’s Disease
- viral
- causes tumor formation (classically in lumbosacral plexus unilaterally)**
- controlled by vax
chars. of Cannibalism
- causes: genetic predisposition, management
- control by trimming beak, reduced light intensity
- can spread like wave through hen house
chars. of Avian Influenza
- viral
- severity varies from LPAI to HPAI
- common
- form in U.S. is not highly pathogenic
- if infected, must be culled
- vax practiced in some situations
- poultry will be normal one day, dead the next
chars. of ascarids and tapeworms
- fairly common
- manage with litter
- tx PRN
- tapes usually not significant
- ascarids only problem if in large numbers
chars. of Ascites
- metabolic disease
- common in high altitude b/c heart has to work harder
- genetics selection predisposes (growing too fast w/ lungs and heart making up lower % of total BW)
- controlled by management practices: restrict light to control feed intake so chickens don’t grow too fast
- CS: cyanotic, distended abd
are hormones given to chickens?
NO
-we are actually trying to SLOW down their growth
