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Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) > L2: Control and Dx of Common Infectious Causes of Abortion in Cattle (Risco) > Flashcards

L2: Control and Dx of Common Infectious Causes of Abortion in Cattle (Risco) Flashcards

1
Q

infectious causes –> repro performance

A

fertilization failure

preg. loss

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2
Q

repro efficiency of a dairy herd graph

A

slide 4
(parturition –> VWP –> breeding period –> parturition)
-milk yield peaks after parturition but before end of VWP/breeding period

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3
Q

when does calf embryo become fetus?

A

43d

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4
Q

majority of pregnancy loss occurs when?

A

by day 17

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5
Q

early embryonic death days:

A

5-17

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6
Q

late embryonic death days:

A

17-42

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7
Q

fetal loss days:

A

43-term

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8
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 causes what dz process

A

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheatis (IBR or Red Nose)

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9
Q

total percent preg. loss from fertilization to term

A

60%

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10
Q

what percent of eggs successfully fertilized?

A

76%

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11
Q

what percent of inseminated cows will have viable embryos at day 6?

A

50%

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12
Q

what percent of inseminated cows will carry to term?

A

28%

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13
Q

Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 trans.

A
  • resp, ocular and reproductive secretions from infected cattle
  • remains in post infected animals via latent infections of the trigeminal ganglia
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14
Q

CS of BHV-1

A
  • severe resp. tract infection w/5-10% death loss
  • abortions (only in non-immunized dams)
  • genital lesions: Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) and Infectious Pustular Balanoposthitis (IPB)
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15
Q

Dx of BHV-1

A

1) serum neutralization test (paired samples):
- 1st sample neg, 2nd pos.
- 1st. pos., 2nd 4x inc. pos.
- low titers
2) virus isolation from placenta

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16
Q

BHV-1 vaccination

A
  • calves: 6mo.
  • pre-breeding
  • modified live (gives lifelong immunity, naive non-pregnant only) or killed (pregnant cows, must re-boost)
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17
Q

effect of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis on ovary

A
  • 30-40% dec. CR for estrous cycle following exposure

- follicular necrosis and lytic infection of developing CL

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18
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea causes what diseases?

A

Hepatitis B
Hog cholera
Border disease

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19
Q

what type of virus causes BVD

A

single stranded RNA

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20
Q

CS in diseases caused by BVD**

A

(can be acute or subclinial/persistently infected)
immunosuppression***
thrombocytopenia
gastrointestinal
reproduction
congenital (ocular, cerebellar hypoplasia)

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21
Q

2 types of BVD infection of calves during 1sst trimester of gestation

A

cytopathic –> fetal death, mummification

non-cytopathic (persistently infected) –> viable, immunotolerant, survives to term

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22
Q

infection with BVD during 1st trimester can result in:

A

Early embryo death
abortion
mummification PI calf

23
Q

infection with BVD during 2nd trimester can result in:

A

cerebellar hypoplasia
ocular defects
abortion

24
Q

infection with BVD during 3rd trimester can result in:

A

no effect (calf has Ab to BVD)

25
Q

Dx of BVD

A
  • virus isolation from whole blood

- PCR amplification for Ag and Ab

26
Q

prevent/control BVD

A
  • detect and eliminate PI animals
  • MLV vax for non-pregnant cows, calves
  • KV for preg. cows + boosters
27
Q

leptospirosis trans.

A

urine, products of abortion

-invades mm (incubates 4-10d, bacteremia 2-6wks, leptospiruria 2-6mo.)

28
Q

is leptospirosis zoonotic?

A

yes!

29
Q

2 types of Leptospira serovar hardjo

A

prajitno and bovis

30
Q

what type of hosts experience acute form of lepto?

A

INCIDENTAL hosts

  • high dose required for infection
  • short-term leptospiruria
31
Q

what type of hosts experience chronic form of lepto?

A

MAINTENANCE hosts

  • lifelong shedding in the urine
  • asymptomatic
  • high susceptibility
  • infected with host adapted serovar-endemic infection
32
Q

serovar bratislava maintenance host***

A

swine, horses

33
Q

canicola maintenance host***

A

dogs

34
Q

grippotyphosa maintenance host***

A

racoons
skunks
opossom

35
Q

hardgo bovis maintenance host***

A

cattle

36
Q

icterohaemorrhagiae maintenance host***

A

rats

37
Q

pomona type maintenance host***

A

swine, cattle, skunks, opossum

causes acute infection in calves

38
Q

CS of chronic maintenance serovars of lepto

A

infertility
abortion
agalactia
mastitis

39
Q

CS of acute incidental serovars of lepto

A 
hemoglobinuria
fever
hemolytic anemia
jaundice
nephrosis
agalactia
mastitis
40
Q

CS of acute infection in calves with lepto

A 
(uncommon)
hemoglobinuria
fever
anemia icterus
dyspnea
\+/-meningitis
41
Q

which serovars of lepto cause abortion**

A

pomona
hardgo**
-usually occurs at 7-9mo.

42
Q

Indirect Dx of lepto

A

microagglutination

  • specific, but not sensitive for some serovars
  • results affected by vax status
43
Q

Direct Dx of lepto

A

culture
PCR
FAT urine collection with use of diuretic

44
Q

control of lepto

A
  • vaccination (only gives immunity for 6 mo.)
  • env. management
  • wildlife management (for Pomona and grippo)
  • tx with OTC
45
Q

chars. of campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis)

A
  • caused by Campylobactor fetus sp. venerealis
  • venereal dz of cattle char. by infertility and occasional abortion
  • causes low preg. rates
46
Q

dx of campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis)

A
  • herd history

- abx in cervical mucus

47
Q

control of campylobacteriosis (Vibriosis)

A
  • vax (last 4mo.)

- changes in breeding management: use young bulls, check during breeding soundness exam, change to AI

48
Q

chars. of Trichomonosis

A
  • caused by tritrichomonas foetus (protozoan)

- veneral dz of cattle char. by infertility, occasional early abortion or pyometra

49
Q

Dx of Trichomonosis

A

exam of prepuce in bulls, pyometra fluid

50
Q

Control of Trichomonosis

A
  • changes in breeding man.: use young bulls
  • vax in cows
  • check during BSE
  • change to AI
51
Q

chars. of Neosporosis**

A
  • major cause of abortion in dairy cattle***
  • neospora caninum
  • dogs may be reservoir
  • vertical trans. possible
  • causes lesions in brain of fetus
52
Q

Dz occurs when:

A

herd immunity drops below lvl of disease pressure

53
Q

2ary or Anamnestic response

A

response seen after a booster vaccination

  • stronger, longer lived
  • primarily IgG
  • more memory made
54
Q

minimum vaccination program should include:

A

vax to 4 major viral diseases:
BVD 1 and 2
herpesvirus
respiratory syncytial

Also: leptospira, clostridia, core endotoxin, vibriosis if bulls used, etc.

Preventive and Production Medicine (Spring 2015) (15 decks)

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