L6 Cells tissues and organs Flashcards
Define Tissues
Groups of cells with a common structure and function
Give 4 catergories of tissues
Epithelium, connective, muscle, nerve
What are the 3 muscle types
Cardiac, skeletal, smooth
Location, structure, control and power of cardiac muscle
Location: heart
Structure: striated
Control: involuntary
Power: high
Location, structure, control and power of skeletal muscle
Location: limbs
Structure: striated
Control: voluntary
Power: high
Location, structure, control and power of smooth muscle
Location: gut, blood vessel
Structure: non-striated
Control: involuntary
Power: low
What do fibres make up and what are they made of
Muscles are made of bundles of fibres
Fibres are made of myofibrils
What are myofibrils made of
repeated units- sarcomeres
What are sarcomeres made of
Protein filaments,
Actin (thin filament)
Myosin (thick filament)
Revise Muscle contraction diagram and process
:)
Revise sliding filament model
:)
What does the central nervous system include
Brain and spinal cord
What does the peripheral nervous system include
Sensory and motor nerves
What is thefunction of nerve tissue
Transmit electrical signals
Interact using chemical signals
What do sensory nerves do
sensory nerves from sense organs respond to stimuli
What do motor nerves do
Motor nerves to muscles activate contraction
Revise nerve structure
:)
How is long distance transmission in nerve cells done quickly
Giant axons
Myelination
What is myelin
Extra membrane wrapped around axon as insulation
What is myelin produced by
accessory cells- Schwann cells in motor neurons
How does myelin speed up transmission
By saltatory conduction at Nodes of Ranvier (gaps in myelin sheath)
What do myelinated nerves have a concentration of at the nodes of ranvier
Na+ channels
What is convergent evolution
Mechanism differs in the details but broad function is the sane
What is multiple sclerosis
A degenerative disease that attacks the central nervous system
What are the 2 types of synapse
Chemical and electrical
What are synapses needed for
integration of information/response
Action potential “transferred” to another cell across synapse
When do muscles contract
In response to nerve signals
Communication between moter neuron and muscle cell through neuromuscular junction (chemical synapse)
