L5 Intro to animal physiology Flashcards
What are the 3 levels of structural order hierarchy
1 Organisms
Organs, Systrems amd communication
tissues
2 Cells
Organelles (structure and function)
3 Molecules
(DNA/RNA, signalling molecules, enzymes, proteins, carbohydrates, fats)
Atoms (C,H,O etc)
6 Main organelles
Nucleus, Mitochondrion, Microvilli, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Plasma Membrane, Golgi apparatus
Define cell differentiation
The development of cells with specialised structure and function from unspecialised precursor cells
Examples of types of specialised cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Nerve cells
Sperm cells
Muscle cells
Sweat glands
Intestinal cells
What is a paramecium
A protist found in fresh water, moving by the co-ordinated beating of the cilia that cover its body
What is an amoeba
A protist that lives in fresh water and moves by amoeboid movement
What are the 4 catergories of tissues
Epithelium
Connective
Muscle
Nerve
5 Types of epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Features and location of simple squamous epithelium
Sided and thin
Alveoli ( allows gas transport)
Features and location of cuboidal epithelium
cube shaped cells ( making a cylinder)
Kidney lining (secrete things)
Features and location of simple columnar epithelium
Full of mitochondria, Longer rectangle shapes
Small intestine (line villi)
Features and location of stratified squamous epithelium
Lots of layers
Mouth ( layers are worn down)
Features and location of pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Looks like it has lots of layers but doesn’t
Trachea (moves mucus)
3 Features of epithelium that contribute to its structural intergrity and functionality
Occluding junctions
Communicating junctions
If epithelial cells are polar what do they have
A basal side - closely interacting with other cells
An apical side - this side is exposed to lumen
