L23 History of Epidemics

Question 1

Define Epidemic

Answer 1

An outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of individuals at the same time

Question 2

Define Endemic

Answer 2

A disease that is always present in an area

Question 3

Define Pandemic

Answer 3

A global epidemic spreading across continents

Question 4

Examples of how Outbreaks arise from changes to our interactions with our environment

Answer 4

Exploration
Changes in trade patterns
Globalisation
Warfare
Famine
Poverty, overcrowding and poor living conditions
Deforestation and encroachment on jungles

Question 5

What is zoonosis

Answer 5

An infectious disease that jumps from an animal to human

Question 6

Other routes of emergence for infectious disease

Answer 6

Appears out of nowhere
reappears after a period of absence
Disseminate from an isolated population to naive populations
Mutation and adaptation
Natural diasters

Question 7

5 examples of causative agents (bacteria)

Answer 7

Plague (Yersinia pestis), transmitted via fleas on rodents
Syphilis (Treponema Pallidum), transmitted via sexual contact
Typhus (Rickettsia typhi), transmitted via contact with fleas
Typhoid (Salmonella typhi), transmitted via contaminated food or drink
Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), transmitted via contaminated food or drink

Question 8

5 examples of causative agents (Viruses)

Answer 8

Smallpox (variola virus), transmitted via airborne water droplets
Influenza (Influenza A,B,C,D), transmitted via airborne water droplets
Polio (Poliovirus), transmitted via person-person contact
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus), transmitted via body fluids
Ebola (Ebola virus), transmitted via body fluids