L19 Prokaryotic Life

Question 1

What are the 3 domains

Answer 1

Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria

Question 2

Which domains do prokaryotes belong to

Answer 2

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 3

Where can prokaryotes thrive

Answer 3

almost everywhere

Question 4

What are the 3 types of symbiosis

Answer 4

Mutualism- both organisms benefit
Commensalism- one benfits, other not harmed or helped
Parasitism- one benefits, other harmed

Question 5

What do obligate aerobes require

Answer 5

O2

Question 6

What are obligate anaerobes poisoned by

Answer 6

O2

Question 7

What can facultative anaerobes do

Answer 7

survive with or without O2

Question 8

What do prokaryotes play a key role in doing

Answer 8

recycling elements between living and nonliving ecosystem components (decompose corpes and vegetation)

Question 9

What can prokaryotes do with Nitrogen

Answer 9

Fix N2 from air to usable NH3 (a fertilizer)

Question 10

What equipment needs to be used to see types of cell

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cell- naked eye/light microscope
Prokaryotic cell- light microscope
Virus- electron microscope

Question 11

Features of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 11

Nuclear membrane present
Contain several chromosomes of DNA per cell
Contain membrane-bound organelles
Have interior cytoskeletal structures

Question 12

Features of a Bacterial cell

Answer 12

Singe large bacterial chromosome
Sometimes have additional DNA is small circular plasmids
overall size= 1-10 micrometres

Question 13

Parts of a bacterial flagellum

Answer 13

Basal apparatus
Hook
Filament

Question 14

How do most bacteria propel themselves

Answer 14

By flagella

Question 15

What are fimbriae

Answer 15

Attatchment pili
Allow them to stick to their substrate or others in their colony

Question 16

What are sex pili

Answer 16

Longer than fimbiae
Allow prokaryotes to exchange DNA

Question 17

3 features of bacterial cell wall structures

Answer 17

Give bacteria shape
Protect them from: osmotic lysis, toxic substances
Contain a unique polymer (peptidoglycan)

Question 18

What might some bacteri have outside the cell wall

Answer 18

An aditional polysaccharide or protein layer called a capsule

Question 19

What colour are gram +ve and -ve bacteria and what is it dependant on

Answer 19

+ve = violet colour
-ve = pink colour
Dependant on composition of bacterial cell wall, Peptidoglycan traps crystal violet colour.

Question 20

5 steps of bacterial reproduction and how long it can take

Answer 20

1 DNA replication
2 Cell elongation
3 Septum formation
4 Completion of septum with formation of distinct walls
5 Cell separation
Can take as little as 25 mins

Question 21

What kind of bacterial shape are there

Answer 21

Coccus (ball shaped)
Rod
Spirochete (spiral shaped)

Question 22

What subgroups of gram negative bacteria are there

Answer 22

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon