L3 Cells, the basis of life

Question 1

What are 3 unifying theories in biology

Answer 1

Cell theory (Robert Hooke, 1665)
Evolution (Charles Darwin, 1859)
Discovery of DNA ( Crick, Watson, Franklin, 1953)

Question 2

What are cells and how do they increase in number

Answer 2

Units that make up organisms
Mitosis (cell division)

Question 3

Does proakryote or eukaryote have nuclear membrane

Answer 3

Prokaryote- DNA with no nuclear membrane
Eukaryote- nucleus surrounded by nuclear membrane

Question 4

Example of prokaryote and eukaryote

Answer 4

Bacterial cell
Mammalian cell

Question 5

Endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 5

Rough: ribosome studded for protein synthesis
Smooth: synthesis of membranes
and lipids etc

Question 6

Lysosome function

Answer 6

Digestive organelle (low pH)

Question 7

Microvilli function

Answer 7

Exchange and movement

Question 8

Mitichondrion function

Answer 8

Generates ATP from products of metabolism: H+

Question 9

Plasma membrane function

Answer 9

Membrane around cell

Question 10

Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Synthesis, sortung and secretion of proteins

Question 11

Relationship of diffusion

Answer 11

time ∝ distance^2

Question 12

Microtubules structure and function

Answer 12

Hollow tubes
Maintenance of cell shape, cell motility, chromosome movements in cell division, organelle movements

Question 13

Microfilaments structure and function

Answer 13

Two intertwined strands of actin
Maintenance of cell shape, changes in cell change, muscle contraction, cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells, cell motility and division of animal cells

Question 14

Intermediate filaments structure and function

Answer 14

Fibrous proteins coiled into cables
Maintenance of cell shape, anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles, fromation of nuclear lamina

Question 15

Revise flagella structure