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Biology > L10 Circulation 1 > Flashcards

L10 Circulation 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Ficks law

A

Rate of diffusion ∝ surface area*concentration difference/thickness of membrane

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2
Q

What do cells require and what do thay need to get rid of

A

Need nutrients and oxygen/
Rid of CO2 and nitrogenous compunds

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3
Q

What are the 3 components of a ciculatory system

A

Circulatory fluid, interconnecting vessels and a muscular pump (heart)

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of circulatory system

A

Open and closed

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5
Q

In an open circulatory system, what is the fluid, does it do and in what organisms is it found

A

Hemolymph
Hemolymph bathes body cells and organs
Arthropods and molluscs

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6
Q

In closed circulatory systems where is the blood and what organisms have them

A

Blood is confined to vessels
Annelids, cephalopods and vertebrates

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7
Q

What do arteries branch into and what do they do

A

Arteries branch into arterioles and carry blood from heart to capillaries

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8
Q

What are the sites of chemical exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

A

Capillary beds

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9
Q

What do venules converge into and their function

A

Venules converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

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10
Q

How are Arteries and veins distinguished

A

Direction of blood flow and not O2 content

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11
Q

Single circulation system structure and organisms

A

One atrium and one ventricle
Bony fishes, ray and sharks

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12
Q

Double circulation organisms, and features

A

Amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Oxygen rich and poor blood are pumped separately from right and left sides of heart
Maintains higher blood pressure that single circulation

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13
Q

Which direction do the pulmonary veins and arteries go in

A

Pulmonary Veins: lungs to heart
Pulmonary Artery: heart to lungs

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14
Q

what are the Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid: right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral (bicuspid): left atrium and left ventricle

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15
Q

What are the semiluminar valves

A

Aortic: left ventricle and aorta
Pulmonary: right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

What is function of the heart valves

A

Ensure blood flows in the correct direction

17
Q

What are heart murmurs caused by

A

EXtra sounds i.e. backflow of blood through a defective valve

18
Q

Left atrium

A

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins (pulmonary circulation)

19
Q

Left Ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood via the aorta (systemic circulation)

20
Q

Right Atrium

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body (systemic circulation)

21
Q

Right Ventricle

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs via the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary circulation)

22
Q

What is the cardiac cycle

A

The rhythmic cycle in which the heart contracts and relaxes

23
Q

What is Systole and diastole

A

Systole - the contraction or pumping phase
Diastole - the relaxation or filling phase

24
Q

Strucutre of the artia and ventricles

A

Artia - Relatively thin walls and serve as collection chambers for blood returning to the heart
Ventricles - thicker walls and contract much more forcefully

25
Q

What are the 2 types of circulation in the human body

A

Pulmonary and systemic

26
Q

Circulation system of fish

A

Two chambered heart
Single circulation system, blood leaving heart passes through two capillary beds (first gills and then systemic/ body capillaries) before returning to the heart

27
Q

In fish ,the blood flowing in the systemic part of the circulation is at low pressure. Why is this ok

A

Fish are ectothermic so they have a relatively low metabolic rate

28
Q

Circulation system of amphibians

A

Double circulation
Three chambered heart
Oxygen poor blood flows through a pulmocutaneous circuit to pick up oxygen through lungs and skin

29
Q

Is there any mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in amphibians and reptiles

A

yes

30
Q

Circulation system in reptiles

A

Double circulation
Three chambered heart

31
Q

Circulation system in mammals and birds

A

Double circulation
Four chambered heart
Left side of heart receives and pumps oxygen rich blood
Right side of heart receives and pumps oxygen poor blood

Biology (20 decks)

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