L47. Large Intestine

Question 1

Name the pouch at the beginning of the large intestine.

Answer 1

Caecum

Question 2

Which structure is attached to the caecum?

Answer 2

Appendix

Question 3

Name the 4 regions of the colon

Answer 3

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

Question 4

Name the patient’s RHS flexure in the large intestine

Answer 4

Hepatic flexure

Question 5

Name the patient’s LHS flexure in the large intestine

Answer 5

Splenic flexure

Question 6

What are the bulges along the large intestine called?

Answer 6

Haustrations

Question 7

Name the valve between the caecum and the ascending colon.

Answer 7

Ileo-caecal valve.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the ileo-caecal valve?

Answer 8

To allow chime to move from the small intestine to the large intestine

Question 9

Name 3 similarities between the small and large intestine.

Answer 9

1. Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
2. Intestinal crypts
3. Mucous glands

Question 10

Name 3 features unique to the large intestine.

Answer 10

No villi
Incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle (taenia coli)
Ring-like arrangement of circular muscle (haustrae)

Question 11

What causes diarrhoea?

Answer 11

Failure to reabsorb fluids in the large intestine

Question 12

What is present in the large intestine to ferment dietary fibre?

Answer 12

Bacterial flora

Question 13

Name 2 types of propulsive movement in the large intestine.

Answer 13

Peristalsis

Mass movement

Question 14

Describe peristalsis.

Answer 14

Occurs in transverse and descending colon

short range

Question 15

Describe mass movement.

Answer 15

Infrequent

occurs after meals

Question 16

Is defaecation voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 16

Involuntary.

Question 17

Name the muscle type in the rectum and internal sphincter and nervous system it belongs to.

Answer 17

smooth muscle

ANS

Question 18

Name the muscle type in the external sphincter and when we gain voluntary control of this.

Answer 18

Straited muscle

At 2 years of age

Question 19

What is a colostomy?

Answer 19

When the inner large intestine is stitched to the abdomen. The opening is called the stoma

Question 20

Which drug type causes constipation?

Answer 20

Opiates