L21. Endocrine and Exocrine

Question 1

Give an important feature of the exocrine system.

Answer 1

It has ducts

Question 2

Give an important feature of the endocrine system.

Answer 2

It has no ducts

Question 3

How do endocrine secretions enter the blood?

Answer 3

Enters the interstitial fluid (which surroinds cells) then enters the blood.

Question 4

Name the 3 types of hormone secretions relating to time.

Answer 4

1. Chronic (increases and decreases all the time)
2. Acute (response when a stimulus is applied)
3. Episodic (increases periodically)

Question 5

Name the 3 classifications of hormones and explain their meaning.

Answer 5

1. Humoral (blood-borne)
2. Neural (neurons stimulate hormone production)
3. Hormonal (hormone secretions stimulate another hormone)

Question 6

Which cells does parathyroid hormone act on?

Answer 6

Osteoclasts

Question 7

What does hyperparathyroidism result in?

Answer 7

Bone lesions

Question 8

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 8

Reduces blood calcium levels

Question 9

What does parathyroid hormone do to blood calcium levels?

Answer 9

Increases it

Question 10

Name the 3 ways in which cells can secrete.

Answer 10

Unicellular - one cell secretes
Multicellular - many cells can secrete (secretory sheet)
Multicellular pockets (gland cells sit back from epithelial surface)

Question 11

Name the 5 types of simple duct shape.

Answer 11

Simple tubular
Simple branched tubular
Simple coiled tubular
Simple acinar
Simple branched acinar

Question 12

Name the 3 types of compound duct shape

Answer 12

Compound tubular
Compound acinar
Compound tubulo-acinar

Question 13

Name and describe the 3 types of secretions.

Answer 13

1. Serous (watery secretion with enzymes)
2. Mucous
3. Mixed - contains both

Question 14

Name the 3 salivary glands with the secretions they produce.

Answer 14

Parotid - serous
Submandibular - mixed
Sublingual - mucous

Question 15

Describe the body’s glands in relation to how many are endocrine or exocrine.

Answer 15

Most glands are either endocrine or exocrine, but some glands can be both eg. liver and pancreas.

Question 16

What are the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 16

Groups of pancreatic cells which secrete glucagon and insulin

Question 17

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 17

An endocrine disease where insulin-producing beta cells are destroyed.

Question 18

Give 3 symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Answer 18

Periodontitis
Dry mouth
Infections

Question 19

Describe 3 endocrinopathies.

Answer 19

Reduced hormone release (hypofunction)
Excessive hormone release (hyperfunction)
Hormone resistance (diabetes mellitus)