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a. SL12100: Health and disease > L45 - Intro To The Endocrine System > Flashcards

L45 - Intro To The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different parts of the endocrine system?

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary
  • pineal
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid
  • thymus
  • heart
  • kidney
  • adrenals
  • pancreas
  • gonads
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2
Q

What are the endocrine functions?

A
  • reproduction
  • growth and development
  • maintenance of internal environment
  • regulation of energy
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3
Q

What are endocrine glands like?

A
  • ductless
  • richly vascularised
  • secrete messengers into circulation
  • primary (pituitary, thyroid, adrenals)
  • secondary (brain, heart, kidney, GI tract)
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4
Q

Endocrine glands

A
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5
Q

What are the different mechanisms of cell to cell signalling?

A
  • intacrine
  • autocrine
  • paracrine
  • endocrine
  • neuroendocrine
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6
Q

What are hormones produced by? Released into?

A
  • glands
  • directly into circulation
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7
Q

What are hormones like?

A
  • bind to specific, high affinity receptors on/in target cells
  • single hormone may have dif tissue-specific effects
  • single function may be regulated by dif hormones
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8
Q

What are the 3 major chem classes of hormones?

A
  • amino acids / amines
  • peptides/proteins
  • steroids
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9
Q

What are the amine hormones?

A
  • catecholamines from tyrosine (adrenaline,nora)
  • thyroid hormones from tyrosine (thyroxine, trioodothyronine)
  • (indoleamines from tryptophan, melatonin)
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10
Q

What is the adrenal catecholamine synthesis?

A
  • tyrosine to L-DOPA by tyrosine hydroxylase
  • then to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase
  • then to noradrenaline by dopamine-B-hydroxylase
  • then to adrenaline by phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase
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11
Q

What is the thyroid hormone synthesis?

A
  • tyrosine + mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) = di-iodotyrosine (DIT)
  • DIT + DIT = Thryoxine (T4)
  • DIT + MIT = Triiodothyronine (T3)
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12
Q

What is the specific steroid hormone synthesis?

A
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13
Q

What are the different peptide hormones?

A
  • short a/a chains (ADH, oxytocin 9AA)
  • polypeptides (insuline 135AA, prolactin 198AA)
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14
Q

What re the protein hormones?

A
  • thryoid stimulating hormone
  • folicle stimulating hormone
  • growth hormone
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15
Q

What is the synthesis of peptide and protein hormones?

A
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16
Q

What is the transport of hormones like in the blood?

17
Q

What does the abiliity of a cell to respond to a hronone dependent on?

A
  • the presence of receptors for that hormone on/in the target cell
  • inc - up-regulation
18
Q

Gpvrs rtks

a. SL12100: Health and disease (49 decks)

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