Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

a. SL12100: Health and disease > L31 - Intoduction To Virology > Flashcards

L31 - Intoduction To Virology Flashcards

1
Q

What are properties of viruses?

A
  • obligate intracellular
  • host specific
  • ~smallest biological entities
  • genome size 3.2kb (4 genes) to 1.2Mb (911 genes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does obligate intracellular mean for the virus?

A
  • can’t grow/replicate outside host
  • dont acquire nutrients, produce energy/synthesise proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can viruses be classified on?

A
  • type on nucleic acid
  • morphology
  • presence/absence envelope
  • host organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are DNA viruses, RNA viruses and RNA<->DNA viruses classification?

A

ss or ds (single/double stranded)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the structure of viruses?

A
  • naked viruses
  • enveloped viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are naked viruses like?

A

No outer membrane
// polio virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are enveloped viruses like?

A
  • outer membrane // herpes simplex virus, SARS_Cov2
    -derived from host cell membrane
  • modified by viral proteins for recognition and attachment to host cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do naked virus have, what do enveloped virus have?

A

Naked - nucleic acid, in capsid
Enveloped - spikes, surrounded membrane over capsid, nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps in viral multiplication?

A
  • attachment of virus
  • entry and uncoating (nucleic acid enters)
  • replication and synthesis on nucleic acid and proteins
  • assembly of virus particles
  • release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the attachment like?

A
  • virus attach from random collision
  • specific interaction between attachment site on viral surface and receptor on cell surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the entry and uncoating like?

A
  • often coupled process
  • entry through endocytosis (en and naked virus)
  • entry through fusion with membrane (env virus)
  • nucleic acid prepared for expression/replication, full or partial shedding of capsid proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is synthesis of viral component like?

A
  • viral nucleic acid competes with host for control of biological machinery
  • viral mRNA produced
  • mRNA -> synthesis of early proteins
  • early proteins -> nucleic acid replication
  • synthesis of late proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is assembly like?

A

Nucleic acid either
- packed into preassembled capsid
- associates with capsid proteins during formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is release like?

A
  • cytosis (naked virus)
  • budding (env virus, usually derived from plasma membrane)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

During release by cytolysis, what is the lawn and plaque?

A

Lawn - confluent layer of bacteria
Plaque - due to lysis of infected bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the outcomes of viral infection?

A
  • cytpcidal infection //polio virus
  • chronic infection // hep B virus
  • latent infection // HIV
  • transforming infections // HPV
17
Q

What leads to the different outcomes of viral infection?

A
  • acute infection - rapid replication - release and cell death
  • latent infection, activation to rapid replication
  • chronic infection - slow release, no cell death
  • tranformin infection - insertion of oncogene, protooncogene activation
18
Q

What is the life cycle of HIV?

A
  • fusion of HIV to membrane
  • reverse transcriptase of ssRNA
  • viral DNA integrated into nucleus
  • transcription of mixed DNA
  • genomic ssRNA and proteins bud off
19
Q

What are the different viral vaccines?

A
  • live
  • killed
  • component
  • vector
  • mRNA
  • DNA
20
Q

What are live vaccines like?

A

Usin attenuated strains

21
Q

What are killed vaccines like?

A

Viruses killed by heat or chemicals

22
Q

What are component vaccines like?

A
  • isolated from whole virus particles
  • produced by recombinant DNA tech
23
Q

What are vector vaccines like?

A

viral vector carrying component from pathogen

24
Q

What are mRNA vaccines like?

A

MRNA encoding antigen introduced into tissue

25
Q

What are DNA vaccines like?

A

Intro of plasmid encoding antigen into tissue

26
Q

What are the ways to produce virus particles?

A
  • cell cultures
  • embryonated hen’s eggs
27
Q

What are cell cultures like?

A
  • infect mammalian cell line with virus
  • isolate and purify virus particles
28
Q

What are embryonated hen’s eggs like?

A
  • virus injected into fetrilised chicken eggs
  • eggs incubated 2-3 days
  • isolate and purify virus particles

a. SL12100: Health and disease (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions