L21 - The Brain Flashcards
What are the different parts of the brain?
- Cerebral cortex
- midbrain
- brain stem
- cerebellum
What are the cortical structures of the cerebral cortex?
- frontal lobe
- central sulcus
- parietal lobe
- occipital lobe
- temporal lobe
What is the input to somatosensory cortex?
- large dorsal root axons
- dorsal column (in spinal cord)
- dorsal column nuclei
- medial lemniscus (in medulla)
- thalamus
- somatosensory cortex
What is the output from the motor cortex?
- motor cortex (in thalamus)
- medullary pyramid
- pyramidal decussation
- corticospinal tract (in spinal cord)
What is Brodmann’s areas?
Areas of the brain associated with functions
What is broca’s area?
In the dominant hemisohere (left)
- linked to speech production
What is wenicke’s area?
Critical for language comprehension and speech production
What is the basal ganglia?
Structures responsible for functions
(Motor control, rewards, emotion)
What are structures in the basal ganglia?
- thalamus
- caudate nucleus
- putamen
- globus pallides
- subthalamic nucleus
- substantia negra
What is the prefrontal cortex responsible for?
Personality
(Attention, inhibition, emotion, complex learning, theory of mind processing)
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Memory of skeletal muscle movement
(Balance, movement)
What is an examples of synaptic integration?
The cerebellum, has different types of synaptic transmission in it
What are the different types of neurotransmitters in the brain?
- fast
- slow
What are examples of fast neurotransmitters?
- glutamate
- GABA
What type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?
- excitatory
- opens ligand-gated ion channels Na+
